沟垄二元覆盖下土壤水温效应对玉米生长发育的影响  

Effects of Soil Water-temperature Effect under Dual-mulching of Ridge and Furrow on Growth of Maize

作　　者：李荣[1] 贾志宽[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2015年第9期26-30,2,共5页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ14012);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD29B03)

摘　　要：2008—2010年在渭北旱塬区通过3年定位试验,研究了沟垄二元覆盖模式下土壤水温效应对玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明:垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理玉米各生育时期土壤蓄水量均最高,垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜处理玉米前期土壤蓄水量较对照显著增加,垄覆地膜沟覆液膜和垄覆地膜沟不覆盖处理下玉米大喇叭口期土壤蓄水量较对照显著增加,其他各生育时期与对照无显著差异。沟覆普通地膜与生物降解膜增温效果明显,玉米全生育期平均土壤温度较对照显著增加,而垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理较对照显著降低,垄覆地膜沟覆液膜和沟内不覆盖处理土壤温度均高于对照,但差异不显著。垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和沟覆生物降解膜处理下玉米各生育时期进程均较对照提前,而垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理下玉米生育前期较对照略有推迟,生育后期与对照持平;垄覆地膜沟覆地膜和垄覆地膜沟覆降解膜处理促进玉米前期旺盛生长,垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理促进玉米后期生长。沟垄二元覆盖下玉米产量均较对照显著增加,以垄覆地膜沟覆地膜、垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜和垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理最高,分别显著提高39.1%、40.1%和41.7%。Field fixed position experiments were conducted to study the effects of the soil water-temperature effect under the pattern of dual-mulching of ridge and furrow on the growth of maize in Weibei Highland during 2008 to 2010. In the ex-periments the ridges were covered with plastic film in all RFRHS treatments, while different furrow treatments were mulched with plastic film（D＋D）, biodegradable film（D＋S）, maize straw（D＋J）, or liquid film（D＋Y）, or left uncovered（D＋B）. A conventional flat treatment without mulching was used as the control（CK）. The results showed that the soil water storage （0~200 cm） with D＋J treatment was the highest; the D＋D and D＋S treatments significantly increased the soil water content in the sow-ing^large bell stage. The soil water content under D＋Y and D＋B treatments were significantly higher than CK in the large bell stage, but they were slightly higher than CK, there was no difference in soil water storage between them at the other stage of maize. The D＋D and D＋S treatments produced significantly higher average soil temperatures than CK in the entire stage of maize, while the soil temperature was significantly lower with D＋J than CK. The soil temperature with D＋Y and D＋B treatments were slightly higher than CK, while there was no difference between them during the maize stage. The whole stage of maize was earlier with the D＋D and D＋S treatments compared with the control. The each stage of the maize with the D＋Y and D＋B treatments was advanced compared with the control. In contrast, the D＋J treatment delayed the seeding and jointing stage, compared with the control, while there were no differences in the growth progress between D＋J and the control in the later growth stage. The D＋D and D＋S treatments promoted the vigorous growth in the early stage of maize, and the D＋J treatment promoted the growth in the late stage. Higher maize yield was found with D＋D, D＋S and D＋J during the study period. Compared with the c

关 键 词：沟垄二元覆盖 土壤水分 土壤温度 玉米 生育进程 产量 

分 类 号：S513.048[农业科学—作物学]