民国时期两湖乡村的地权分配  

Rural Land Distribution in Hunan and Hubei during the Republic of China

作　　者：林源西[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2015年第6期80-92,144,共13页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：民国时期两湖地区乡村的地权较为不均,无地户和少地户占很高的比例,有地户之间的地权分配亦很不平均,大量的农户仅占有不到10亩的耕地。湘鄂两省的地权分配不均度上较为接近,湖南省的地权集中程度并不比湖北高出许多,但湖南的公田比例要比湖北高出很多。湘鄂两省内部私有耕地在不同地理环境下的分配表现出截然不同的特点。从经济地理上说,湖南省的核心农业区地权集中,湖北省的核心农业区地权分散。湖南省的核心农业区在近代涌现了一大批高级别的军政官员,造就了相当数量的官僚大地主,这是湖南核心农业区地权集中的主要原因。Rural land distribution in Hunan and Hubei was relatively uneven during the period of the Republic of China,there was high proportion of landless households and households with a little land.The land distribution of landowners was uneven either,large numbers of households owned land less than 10 mu.The inequality of land distribution was approximate between Hunan and Hubei,the level of concentration of land ownership in Hunan was not much higher than Hubei,but the proportion of public land was.The distribution of private land in Hunan and Hubei showed opposite characteristics,in Hunan,land ownership was most concentrated in plain area,followed by hilly area,and relatively dispersed in mountain area.In Hubei,land ownership was most concentrated in mountain area,followed by hilly area,relatively dispersed in plain area.In economic geography,the land ownership of the core agricultural region was concentrated in Hunan,and it was dispersed in Hubei.The emergence of many government and military officials created lots of big bureaucratic landlord in the core agricultural region of modern Hunan,which was the main reason of land ownership concentration in the area.Compared with Hunan,there were weaker bureaucrat force and underdevelopment in industry and commerce in the core agricultural region of Hubei,in addition,the farmers were relatively rich because of superior natural conditions,which restricted land ownership concentration effectively.

关 键 词：民国 两湖乡村 地权分配 核心农业区 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] K258[历史地理—历史学]