不同水肥条件下新老两个春小麦品种相对竞争能力的逆转  

Relative competitiveness of old vs.modern variety of spring wheat reverse under different soil water and fertilizer conditions

作　　者：杜京旗[1] 高平[1] 张巧仙[1] 张荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]吕梁学院生命科学系,山西吕梁033000 [2]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期730-736,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(ZSO31-A25-037-D)

摘　　要：大田实验采用生态学中的de Wit替代系列法,研究不同水肥条件下地方春小麦品种和尚头和新育成的春小麦品种定西-24混播时的相对竞争能力与其单播经济产量之间的相关性,以及混播条件下二者的竞争结果.结果表明:在雨养、中水中肥、高水高肥处理中,和尚头和定西-24的相对竞争能力与其单播经济产量之间的关系分别为负相关、负相关和无特定相关.雨养条件下,和尚头可以从较深土层吸收较多的储藏水分,中水中肥与高水高肥条件下,定西-24吸收水分的能力强于和尚头的.和尚头和定西-24的根量变化趋势一致:随着土壤深度的增加而减小.混播时,雨养条件下和尚头的相对竞争能力强于定西-24的,中水中肥条件下,和尚头的相对竞争能力弱于定西-24的,表明和尚头对定西-24的相对竞争能力发生了逆转.剔除由竞争能力导致的根系冗余,有望成为半干旱地区小麦育种的一个目标.The method of de Wit series substitute field experiment was used to study the relationship between the relative competitiveness in mixture and productive performance in monoculture,and the competitive outcome of old spring wheat variety Heshangtou vs.modern spring wheat variety Dingxi-24 under a series of soil water and fertilizer conditions.Our field experimental results showed that under adequate rainy treatment,moderate soil water and fertilizer applications,and sufficient soil water and fertilizer application,the relationships between the relative competitiveness and productive performance of the two cultivars were negative,negative and neutral,respectively.Under rainy condition,Heshangtou could absorb more storage of soil water from a deeper soil layer,while with the moderate and sufficient soil water and fertilizer application,the ability of absorbing moisture of Dingxi-24 was stronger than that of Heshangtou.With the increase of soil depth,the root biomass of both Heshangtou and Dingxi-24 showed a gradually decreasing trend.Under the severe drought stress condition,Heshangtou exhibited a greater relative competitive advantage than Dingxi-24.With moderate soil water and intermediate fertilizer application,the relative competitive ability of Heshangtou was weaker than that Dingxi-24.Our field experimental results suggested that the relative competitiveness between the old spring wheat variety Heshengtou and modern wheat variety Dingxi-24 was reversed.The removal of root redundancy caused by the competition is expected to become a target for wheat breeding in a semiarid area.

关 键 词：春小麦品种 水肥条件 相对竞争能力 经济产量 逆转 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]