“虚拟价格”何以可能——关于马克思土地价格理论的重大分歧  

How “Virtual Price” Is Possible?—— On the Misunderstanding of Marx's Land Price Theory

作　　者：赵磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学<财经科学>编辑部,教授四川成都610074

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第11期49-55,48,共8页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：土地价值的构成是否包含非劳动的元素?这不仅是理论界一直缺乏共识的问题,也是政治经济学至今存在着重大分歧的问题。问题的症结在于,马克思有关"虚拟价格"的论述与劳动价值论的逻辑是否一致?基于此,本文着重讨论了两个分歧:(1)价格能够先于价值而存在吗?(2)价值能够先于劳动而存在吗?价格的"虚拟性"并不能证明价格的"先在性",作为土地交易内容的地租是真实存在的价值,价格不可能先于价值而存在。土地"虚拟价格"对地租貌似具有"先在性",这并不能证明土地价值对投入土地的劳动具有"先在性"。这是马克思一以贯之的结论,也是劳动价值论的内在逻辑。针对垄断地租的误区,文章进行了补充讨论。Does the land value include the non-working elements？ This is not only the problem that lacks consensus among the theorists, but also exists huge differences in political economics. The crux of the problem is whether the Marx＇s ＂virstual price＂ is the same as the logic of labor value theory. Based on these, this paper emphatically discusses two differences： 1.Whether the price of a commodity can exist before the value of it？ 2.Whether the value of a commodity can exist before the labor on it？ We believe that： the virtual price can not prove the price is the first nature of a commodity, and the rent during the land transactions is the real value of the land, the prices of land can not exist before the value of land. It seems that the ＂virtual price＂ of the land is ahead of the rent of the land, but this cannot prove that the value of land is ahead of the labor on it. This is the conclusion of Marx＇s logic, and also the internal logic of labor value theory. Finally, we make a supplementary discussion on the misunderstanding of monopoly rent.

关 键 词：虚拟价格 土地价值 劳动价值论 地租 剩余价值 垄断地租 

分 类 号：F0[经济管理—政治经济学]