体况评分与步态评分对奶牛生产性能的影响  

Effects of body condition score and gait score on the productive performance of dairy cows

作　　者：成晓[1] 罗汉鹏 阮含章 左斌[1] 蒋瑞祥 邵平平[1] 徐伟[1] 张震 许文明 连增建 魏俊飞 罗长松 王雅春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,北京100193 [2]河南省奶牛生产性能测定中心,郑州450046 [3]河南省中荷奶业科技发展有限公司,郑州450045 [4]河南维尔牧业有限公司,河南鹤壁456700 [5]平顶山市汝源奶业有限公司,河南平顶山467460

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015年第11期1-5,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-37);"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD28B02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目;长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1191)

摘　　要：为探究奶牛体况评分和步态评分在奶牛管理中的作用,提高奶牛生产性能,研究对河南省362头泌乳天数在0-330 d的中国荷斯坦牛的体况和步态进行评分并收集了相应的DHI数据,利用固定模型分析牛只泌乳阶段、场-胎次、体况评分和步态评分四个因子对产奶量和体细胞数（SCC）的影响,同时对影响体况评分的因素进行了分析。结果表明：体况评分对产奶量的影响显著（P〈0.05）,与体况评分为3.00-5.00的牛只相比,体况评分低于3.00时的奶牛日产奶量高了2.6-4.2 kg;步态评分对产奶量的影响极显著（P〈0.01）,与步态评分低于2.25的牛只相比,步态评分2.25-5.00的奶牛日产奶量低了4.1-6.1 kg。体况评分和步态评分对SCC的影响均不显著。场-胎次、泌乳阶段、步态评分对体况评分均有显著影响（P〈0.05）。对体况评分和步态评分之间的关系进行分析,发现步态评分与体况评分之间存在显著的回归关系,且回归系数为负值,即随着步态评分的升高,体况评分降低。由此可见,适宜的体况和步态有利于提高奶牛产奶性能,且体况评分和步态评分间存在对于生产有利的回归关系。说明对牛群的体况和步态进行评分,合理控制牛群体况、加强肢蹄健康管理,对提高奶牛生产性能具有重要意义。To investigate the role of body condition score （BCS） and gait score（GS） in the management of dairy cows and to improve the productive performance of dairy cows, the BCS and GS were conducted for 362 Chinese Holstein cows with the lactation days ranging from 0 to 330 d in Henan province, and the relevant data of Dairy Herd Improvement （DHI） were also collected. A fixed effect model was used to analyze the effects of four factors including lactation stage, dairy farm - parity, BCS, and GS on milk yield and somatic cell count （SCC）. Meanwhile, the factors affecting BCS were also analyzed. The result showed that the effect of the BCS was significant （ P 〈 0.05 ） on the milk yield. The average milk yield of the cows with BCS below 3.00 points was higher 2.6 to 4.2 kg compared with that of the cows with 3.00 to 5.00 points of BCS. The effect of the GS was extremely significant （ P 〈O. O1 ） on the milk yield, the average milk yield of the cows with GS between 2.25 and 5.00 points was lower 4.1 to 6.1 kg compared with that of the cows with GS below 2.25 points. The BCS and GS had no significant effects on the SCC. The effects of dairy farm - parity, lactation stage as well as GS were significant （ P 〈 0.05 ） on the BCS. A significant linear regression between BCS and GS was found through analyzing the relationship between BCS and GS, and the regression coefficient was negative, which meaned the BCS decreased with the increase of GS. It could be seen that appropriate body condition and gait were helpful to improve the milk performance of dairy cows, and a favorable regression for the production existed between BCS and GS. The results indicate that it has great significance for improving productive performance of dairy cows to score the body condition and gait of dairy herds, reasonably control the body condition of dairy herds, and strengthen the health management of the limb and hoof in dairy cows.

关 键 词：体况评分 步态评分 产奶量 体细胞数 生产性能 奶牛 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S814[农业科学—畜牧兽医]