两种森林集水区径流量及其径流过程初步分析  

Preliminary Study on the Runoff and Its Processes of Two Kinds of Forest Watersheds

作　　者：郭晋川 梁宏温[2] 潘伟 李荣辉 李晓琼[2] 蓝刚 马倩[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区水利科学研究院,南宁530000 [2]广西大学,南宁530004

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第6期55-59,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项项目"速生桉树人工林对水库的生态效应与影响研究"(201301044)

摘　　要：研究桉树林和马尾松林集水区的径流量及其径流过程,为科学评估森林的水源涵养功能提供参考依据。于2013年8月—2014年7月运用小流域径流监测方法和自动采集数据,对桉树林和马尾松林集水区的径流量进行定位观测,并分析强降雨和连续降雨对径流过程的影响。结果表明:桉树林集水区的年径流深和径流系数分别为107.7mm和8.2%,马尾松林的依次为319.4 mm和24.2%。在前期没有径流情况下,一次强降雨过程(降水量147.5mm),两种森林集水区的径流历时、径流最大值滞后于降雨峰值的时间和总径流深都存在明显差异,桉树林的分别为13.8h,0.2h和35.6mm,马尾松林的依次为35.5h,0.7h和28.5mm。一次连续7d的降雨过程(降水量125.0mm),桉树林集水区只产生4d径流,总径流深仅3.8mm;马尾松林集水区则连续产生13d径流,总径流深达10.1mm。综上所述,马尾松林的水源涵养功能明显优于桉树林。The runoff and runoff process of Eucalyptus and Pinus massoniana forest watersheds were investi- gated to provide guidance for scientific evaluation of water conservation capacities of forest. The runoff characters of Eucalyptus and P. massoniana forest watersheds were continuously monitored using the small watershed runoff monitoring method and the automatic data collection devices from August, 2013 to July, 2014, and effects of heavy rainfall and continuous rainfall on the runoff process were studied. We found that the annual runoff depth and the runoff coefficient of Eucalyptus forest watershed were 107.7 mm and 8.2 ~, respectively, while those of P. massoniana forest watershed were 319.4 mm and 24.2~/oo, respectively. When there was no runoff, runoff duration, time lags, maximum runoff of rainfall, and runoff depth amounts caused by a heavy rain{all process （amounting to 1~7.5 ram） between the two kinds of forest watershed were significant different： those of Eucalyptus forest were 13. 8 hours, 0.2 hours and 35. 6 mm, respectively, while those of P. massoniana forest watershed were 35. 5 hours, 0. 7 hours and 28. 5 mm, respectively. Eucalyptus forest watershed produced only 4-day runoff, and the runoff depth amounted to 3.8 mm with a 7 days continuous precipitation process of rainfall with 125. 0 ram, while P. massoniana forest watershed produced continuously 13-day runoff, and the runoff depth was 10.1 mm. In conclusion, water conservation capacity of P. massoniana forest is much better than Eucalyptus forest.

关 键 词：马尾松林 桉树林 集水区 径流量 径流过程 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]