中国黄牛选育改良及杂种优势利用  

Breeding and Improvement of Chinese Yellow Cattle and Their Heterosis Utilization

作　　者：昝林森[1] 王洪程[1] 梅楚刚 曹晖 张文华 朱跃明 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西秦宝牧业股份有限公司,陕西眉县722300 [3]宁夏夏华肉食品有限公司,宁夏中卫755002 [4]甘肃张掖万禾草畜产业科技开发有限公司,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2015年第5期5-7,18,共4页China Cattle Science

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-38);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B07);陕西省科技统筹计划(2014KTZB02-02-01)

摘　　要：我国地方黄牛资源丰富,具有耐粗饲、抗逆性好、肉质细嫩等优点,同时也存在生长速度慢、体型发育不佳、胴体产肉少、优质牛肉切块率低等缺陷。通过本品种选育和引进国外品种杂交改良也取得了一定成效,但产业发展仍缺乏具有核心竞争力的专门化肉牛品种。随着全球动物种业竞争的不断加剧,我国肉牛种业面临严峻挑战。本文综述了我国地方黄牛品种资源利用现状及其支撑肉牛产业发展的情况,对我国引进国外肉牛良种杂交改良各地黄牛品种所取得的成果进行了分析梳理,并在此基础上提出了我国肉牛选育改良工作应遵循的基本原则,以及实际工作中应该注意的一些问题,对指导我国肉牛种业技术体系建设具有重要意义。The genetic resources of Chinese yellow cattle are abundant, such as good performances on crude feeding resistance, parasite resistance, tolerance to environmental challenges, and meat tender. Meanwhile, the disadvantages are obvious,, such as low growth rate, poor body growth and carcass meat production, low rate of high quality beef slices and so on. Although it has made great achievements by the method of cattle breeding and improvement using foreign breeds, we still have no specialized beef cattle breed with core competence. With the intensification of global animal seed industry competition, beef cat- tle industry faces serious challenges in our country. In this paper, we reviewed the utilization of Chinese yellow cattle and the development of beef cattle industry, introduced the achievements of hybridization and improvement of local cattle by crossbreeding with foreign beef cattle, and proposed the basic principles and some problems that should be paid attention to in yellow cattle selection and improvement in China. This paper would be of great significance to guide the construction of technical system of Chinese beef cattle seed industry.

关 键 词：肉牛 选育 改良 杂种优势 原则 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]