不同类型及耕种模式土壤重金属形态特征分析  

Analysis on Morphology Characteristic of Heavy Metals in the Different Soil Types and Cultivation Modes

作　　者：赵阿娟[1,2] 李宏光 杨虹琦[1] 段美珍 方明 刘斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学烟草科学与健康重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司,湖南长沙410011 [3]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第11期2178-2183,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省烟草专卖局重大专项(11-14Aa 03)

摘　　要：为探索不同类型土壤及耕种模式条件下,土壤重金属形态的差异及其对烟叶重金属积累的影响,以5种类型土壤和烟叶为材料,采用逐级提取分类法,分析不同类型及耕作模式下土壤重金属砷、铅、镉的形态及其烟叶富集系数。结果表明:1)各类土壤均以残渣晶格态砷、铅、镉占总量的比例最高,可交换态占比最低;2种紫砂土的砷、铅、镉总量均低于2种红壤和水稻土。2)碱性水田紫砂土中容易被作物吸收的可交换态及碳酸盐结合态砷较旱地紫砂土减少,而酸性水田红壤中铁锰结合态和有机物结合态铅及镉较旱地红壤减少。3)烟叶的砷、铅、镉富集系数并不与3种土壤重金属总量成正比;后茬种植水稻的酸性红壤和水稻土烟叶的砷、铅、镉富集系数均低于碱性紫砂土烟叶。总之,土壤砷和铅的总量及赋存形态与烟叶重金属积累的相关性强于土壤重金属镉。本研究可为湖南烤烟种植区划和减少烟叶中重金属的富集量提供科学依据。In order to explore the distinction of heavy metals morphology in soil and influence on the accumulation of heavy metals in tobacco leaves under different types of soil and cultivation modes,five types of soil and tobacco leaves were employed as material,using the sequential extraction and classification method to analyze the forms of heavy metals arsenic,lead,cadmium and enrichment coefficient of tobacco leaves in different soil types and cultivation patterns in this paper. Results showed that the residue lattice ratio of arsenic,lead,cadmium was the highest,while the exchangeable ratio of them was lowest in all kinds of soil. The total content of arsenic,lead,cadmium in two kinds of purple soil were lower than the red and paddy soil,The ratio of exchangeable and carbonate bound arsenic which was easy to be absorbed by crops in alkalinity purple soil were ower than that in dry purple soil,and the ratio of iron with manganese combined and organic bound lead and cadmium in acidic paddy red soil was lower that in dry red soil. But enrichment coefficient of arsenic,lead,cadmium in tobacco leaves was not direct proportion with the total content of the three soil heavy metals in soil. The enrichment coefficient of tobacco leaves for arsenic,lead,cadmium in acidity red soil after growing rice were lower than that of tobacco leaves in alkalinity purple soil. The relationship between the total amount of arsenic and lead in soil and the accumulation of heavy metals in tobacco leaf was stronger than cadmium in the soil. The findings pave a foundation for the tobacco planting division in Hunan and reducing accumulation of heavy metals in tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：土壤类型 耕种模式 重金属 形态 富集系数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]