稻秸还田与播后镇压对稻茬小麦产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw Returning and Compaction on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat

作　　者：顾克军[1] 张斯梅[1] 顾东祥[1] 张传辉[1] 石祖梁[1] 许博[1] 杨四军[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第11期2192-2197,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09);环保部水专项(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[cx(12)1002];江苏省科技支持计划项目(BE2012438)

摘　　要：为探明秸秆还田与镇压处理对稻茬小麦产量形成与籽粒品质的影响,在田间设置了秸秆还田(稻秸全量还田S1和稻秸不还田S0)与镇压(播后镇压R1和播后不压R0)2因素随机试验。结果表明,稻秸还田显著降低了小麦出苗率,平均下降了25.1%,导致最终成穗数显著下降,但穗粒数与千粒重都有所增加,有效弥补了穗数的不足,最终产量与秸秆不还田处理无显著差异。与稻秸不还田处理相比,稻秸还田处理籽粒蛋白质含量平均提高了12.7%,出粉率平均提高了5.0%,而湿面筋含量、面团形成时间与稳定时间没有变化。秸秆还田条件下小麦播后镇压显著提高了小麦出苗率,与不镇压相比,平均出苗率提高了39.0%,单位面积成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重也略有增加,实际单产显著增加,增产幅度达16.5%;小麦籽粒品质得到一定改善,吸水率、出粉率、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间和稳定时间都略有提高。在稻麦轮作区,秸秆还田后小麦播后及时进行镇压将有助于提高产量,改善籽粒品质,本研究对于推动秸秆还田与提高稻茬小麦生产水平具有重要意义。To analyze effects of straw returning and compaction on seeding emergence,yield and quality of wheat after rice,an two-factor experiment of straw returning and compaction with 4 treatments including rice straw returning with compaction（ S1R1）,rice straw returning with no compaction（ S1R0）,no rice straw returning with compaction（ S0R1）,and no rice straw returning with no compaction（ S0R0）,was carried out under field condition. Results showed that the average rate of seeding emergence in rice straw returning treatment was 25. 1% lower than that in no rice straw returning treatment,which caused the decrease in number of effective spikes per hectare accordingly. However,its grain yield was not significantly affected owning to a slight increase in kernel number per spike and 1 000- kernel weight. Meanwhile,the crude protein content and flour extraction rate of wheat grain were increased by 12. 7% and 5. 0% respectively under rice straw returning treatment,however,gluten content,dough development time,and the dough stable period were not changed. The rate of seeding emergence with compaction was 39. 0% higher than that with no compaction under rice straw returning,and the yield increased by 16. 5% due to the slight increase synchronously in number of spikes per hectare,kernel number per spike,and 1000- kernel weight. Furthermore,the main quality indexes of wheat grain under straw returning with compaction were improved slightly,such as water adsorption,flour yield,gluten content,dough development time,and the dough stable period. Hence,the yield and quality of wheat grain after rice can be improved by applying compaction appropriately under straw returning condition in a rice-wheat rotation system. It is vary significant for promoting straw returning and improving the production level of wheat following rice.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 镇压 稻茬小麦 出苗 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]