雨量站网测量精度的评估  

Research on the Measurement Precision of the RainGauge Networks

作　　者：孙大利[1,2] 刘晓阳[1] 王久珂[3] 何思远[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系 [2]中国人民解放军91395部队 [3]国家海洋环境预报中心 [4]白城兵器试验中心

出　　处：《气象科技进展》2015年第5期50-54,共5页Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41075011和41375025);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006037)

摘　　要：抽站法和经验公式法是目前比较常用的两种雨量站网规划方法,这两种方法最终可以确定允许误差和布站精度之间的关系,但允许误差实际上是相对偏差,真正的允许误差应当是相对偏差与现有最密雨量站网测量误差的累加,而现有最密雨量站网的测量精度目前无法进行评估。针对这一问题,本文把独立同分布中心极限定理引入雨量站网的规划,通过对模拟降水场的分析计算,可以对现有最密雨量站网的面雨量测量精度进行评估。利用安徽省2005—2008年梅雨季节降水数据,统计得出安徽省现有雨量站网面雨量的测量误差在平原和山区分别约为6%~10%和8%^-13%。Reducing the rain-gauge Stations Method and Formula Method is more and more commonly used to design rain-gauge networks. The relationship between relative error (permissible error) of a real rainfall and Rain-gauge networks density can be determined by them. In fact, relative permissible error is relative deviation, The real permissible error is the sum of relative deviation and relative error of the most densely Rain-gauge networks, and it cannot be assessed currently. To solve this problem, a method is obtained from Levy-Lindeberg Theorem theoretically. Based on simulated rainfall ifelds and high-density rainfall data during Meiyu season in Anhui Province, the measurement precision of the most densely rain-gauge networks is assessed by the Method. We calculated 2005-2008 rainfall data during Meiyu season in Anhui Province and concluded that relative error of the most densely rain-gauge networks is 6%-10% in Huaibei Plain , 8%--13% in the mountains of southern Anhui Province.

关 键 词：雨量站网 规划 抽站法 

分 类 号：P411[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]