追施沼液对白菜及土壤重金属含量的影响  

Effects of Topdressing Biogas Slurry on the Content of Heavy Metals in Chinese Cabbage and Soil

作　　者：杨军芳[1] 冯伟[1] 贾良良[1] 韩宝文[1] 杨振立[2] 常瑛军[2] 窦菲[1] 刘孟朝[1] 邢素丽[1] 王朋峰 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省农林科学院,河北石家庄050051 [3]金正大生态工程集团有限公司,山东临沐276700

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2015年第5期68-73,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省农林科学院青年基金项目(A2012130102)

摘　　要：将以规模化养猪场的猪粪为原料发酵产生的沼液做追肥在白菜生长期施用,试验设沼液施用量0.45×105kg/hm2、0.90×105kg/hm2、1.35×105kg/hm2和1.80×105kg/hm2共4个处理,以追施氮肥为对照处理(HF),以不施肥为空白对照(CK),研究了沼液不同施用量对白菜及土壤中重金属含量的影响。结果表明:追施沼液较不施肥处理显著增加白菜生物产量,但沼液追施量逸1.35×105kg/hm2时其肥效才逸传统追施化肥处理。追施沼液处理的白菜镉、铜和锌含量水平跃追施化肥和不施肥处理,且随沼液施用量的增加而显著升高,但沼液施用量较低(0.45×105kg/hm2)时对白菜中镉和铜的含量影响不显著;追施沼液处理的白菜铬和砷含量水平显著约不施肥处理,但与追施化肥处理差异不显著。追施沼液处理的土壤全量镉、铬、铜、锌和砷含量以及有效铬、锌、砷含量与不施肥和追施氮肥处理差异均不显著,但高的沼液施用量(1.80×105kg/hm2)可显著降低土壤有效镉含量、增加有效铜含量。虽然追施沼液能不同程度地增加白菜镉、铜和锌的含量水平,但均远低于国家食品卫生标准规定的限量范围,且追施沼液对土壤中全量和有效态重金属含量也无显著影响,因此,追施沼液不会对白菜和土壤造成重金属污染风险。This article studied the effects of the heavy metal contents in chinese cabbage and soil with different application amount of biogas slurry, which was made from pig manure of a large-scale pigging, the amount of biogas slurry were 0.45×10^5 kg/hm2,0.90×10^5 kg/hm2,1.35×10^5 kg/hm2 and 1.80×10^5 kg/hm2, respectively, topdressing nitrogenous fertilizer （HF） and no fertilization （CK） were used as controls.The results showed that topdressing biogas slurry could significantly increase the biomass yield of chinese cabbage,but the fertilizer efficiency would equal to that of the traditional application of chemical fertilizer or be more than it,only when application of biogas slurry was higher or equal to 1.35×10^5 kg/hm2.It could significantly increase the contents of Cd,Cu and Zn of chinese cabbage by applicating biogas slurry in a traditional consumption and above,compared with those use chemical fertilizer and non-chemical fertilizer, the heavy metal contents of chinese cabbage increased linearly with the increase of amount of biogas slurry.Compared with non-fertilizer,the chinese cabbage have much less contents of Cr and As,it has no significantly comparing with the chemical fertilizer.The total Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn contents and available Cr, Zn, As contents in soil on topdressing biogas slurry had no significant differences with that of HF and CK, but topdressing high anount of biogas slurry （1.80×10^5 kg/hm2） could significantly decrease availa ble Cd content and increase available Cucontent.Though topdressing biogas slurry could increase the contents of Cd,Cu and Zn of chinese cabbage in different degrees,it was still below the limit scope of National Standards of Food Hygiene,and it has no signification difference on total and available heavy metal content of soil comparing with the chemical fertilizer. As a result, topdressing biogas slurry would not risk heavy metal pollution to chinese cabbage and soil.

关 键 词：沼液 白菜 土壤 重金属含量 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]