桑沟湾浮游动物群落时空分布及养殖活动对其影响  

Spatio-temporal Distributions of Zooplankton Community and the Impact of Aquaculture Activity on it in the Sanggou Bay

作　　者：刘萍[1,2] 宋洪军[2] 张学雷[2] 王宗兴[2] 孙丕喜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2015年第4期501-511,共11页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目--海洋生态与环境科学(U1406403);海洋公益性行业科研专项--黄渤海重点海域贝类养殖环境安全评价及其监控体系技术研究(200805031);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项--黄海浮游植物春秋季水华年际变化及其生态效应(2014G32)

摘　　要：基于2009—2010年度6个双月航次的现场调查资料研究了桑沟湾海域浮游动物群落的空间分布和周年变化特征,与1983年至今4个年度历史资料对比分析了桑沟湾浮游动物丰度和生物量的长期变化趋势。研究表明,桑沟湾2009—2010年度共鉴定浮游动物61个种类,优势种主要为强壮滨箭虫(Aidanosagitta crassa)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)等种类,且优势种组成和丰度随季节而变化。浮游动物湿重生物量呈现由2月向12月逐渐降低的趋势,但各月份空间分布呈现不同规律。浮游动物群落物种多样性8月最高,4月最低,且空间分布特征随月份变化。年际比较发现,桑沟湾浮游动物丰度在1983—2004年间呈现降低的趋势,但2009—2010年度又有所上升,季节变化特征由双峰向单峰转变,高峰期发生月份体现出从夏秋两季向冬春两季变化的趋势;而浮游动物生物量呈现年际间波动的特点。进一步分析发现,桑沟湾浮游动物群落生物量与多样性时空变化受湾内养殖贝类摄食压力和海带养殖间接作用的影响。Based on the field survey data in 6 bimonthly cruises in 2009-2010 combined with 4 annual historical data since 1983, the spatial distribution and annual variation of the zooplankton community in the Sanggou Bay were studied, and the long-term changes of zooplankton abundance and biomass were also analyzed. A total of 61 zooplankton species in the 6 cruises in the Sanggou Bay were identified. Aidanosagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, and Paracalanus parvus were the main dominant species, and the composition and abundance of these dominant species had a significant seasonal variation. The zooplankton biomass showed a decreasing trend from February to December, and its spatial distribution in different months varied heteronomously. The diversity index H＇ of zooplankton community was highest in August and lowest in April, and its spatial distribution also showed a significant bimonthly variation. The results of inter-annual comparison showed that the abundance of zooplankton had a decreasing trend during 1983-2004 in the Sanggou Bay, but increased in 2009-2010. The double peak phenomenon of the annual abundance variation changed to single peak, and the seasonal pattern changed from high abundance in summer and autumn to high abundance in winter and spring. Zooplankton biomass showed a fluctuating pattern under the interannual scale. Further analysis concluded that the spatio-temporal variations of zooplankton biomass and diversity were related to the grazing pressure of shellfish and the indirect impact of kelp aquaculture in the Sanggou Bay.

关 键 词：桑沟湾 浮游动物 群落特征 养殖活动 长期变化 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学] Q178.53[天文地球—海洋科学]