俄美北极关系视角下的北极地缘政治发展分析  

Analysis on Arctic Geopolitical Development from Perspective of U.S.-Russian Arctic Relations

作　　者：邓贝西[1] 张侠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国极地研究中心,上海200136

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2015年第11期38-44,共7页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家"南北极环境综合考察与评估专项"极地地缘政治研究子专题(CHINARE 2015-04-05-01)

摘　　要：鉴于北极地缘空间呈现向全球扩散的趋势,对北极地缘政治的分析不仅需要涉及国家间关系的地区层次,更要考虑该地区与周边地区互动的地区间层次,以及大国关系对体系影响的全球层次。北极地缘政治的一个显著特征为其外部压力是内生的,区域内大国俄国和美国在区域外互动的影响力非常强大,以至于产生外溢效应使得地区国际关系或安全机理从属于俄美结构性的矛盾和竞争关系。从这个意义上讲,俄美北极关系构成推动北极地缘政治发展的主导性力量。同时,北极区域治理机制的存在、合作性共识的建立以及地区在互动过程中形成一定程度的独立性与排他性,使作为区域主导性关系的俄美北极关系已经不完全是俄美全球关系在北极的简单投射,而呈现出一定的隔离或滞后效应。以俄美北极关系为驱动的地缘政治核心层和不断增强作用的治理层之间的互动,构成北极地缘政治发展的基本构架。Given the trans-boundary nature of Arctic outer limits,analysis on the Arctic geopolitics involves not only interstate relations on the regional level,but also the interaction between the region itself and its surrounding environments,as well as the impacts of great powers on the region or global scale.A remarka-ble feature of Arctic geopolitics lies in that the spill-over effects of regional great powers beyond region re-main strong enough so that the Arctic geopolitics and security regime are subject to structural conflict and competition of U.S.-Russia relations.In this sense,U.S.-Russian relations constitute the dominative force that leads the geopolitical development in the Arctic.Meanwhile,the establishment of Arctic regional gov-ernance mechanisms and the consensus for cooperation make the U.S.-Russian Arctic relations not the sim-plistic projection of U.S.-Russian relations on the Arctic.The interaction between U.S.-Russian Arctic re-lations that constitute the core of Arctic geopolitics and the growing functions of regional governance forms the fundamental framework of Arctic geopolitical development.

关 键 词：地缘政治 俄美北极关系 北极地缘政治发展模型 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]