嘉兴地区稻田氨挥发及其影响因素的研究  

Ammonia volatilization of rice cropping field and influence factors in Jiaxing region

作　　者：李艳[1] 唐良梁 陈义[1] 吴春艳[1] 唐旭[1] 计小江[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第5期7-12,71,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项201003014-02-08;院协同创新项目(2014CX013)

摘　　要：氨挥发是稻田氮损失的重要途径之一,掌握氨挥发规律及主要影响因素对于氮损失的评估及调控具有重要意义。为揭示嘉兴地区稻田氨挥发主要发生规律,采用间歇密闭式抽气法,研究了不同施肥期、化学施氮量及有机肥施用、田面水NH＋4-N浓度等因素对该地区2013年稻田氨挥发速率的影响。结果表明,基肥期各施肥处理下的氨挥发速率逐日降低,氨挥发主要发生在施肥后前5 d,温度骤降和降雨是造成穗肥期氨挥发速率出现波动性的主要原因,氨挥发速率均小于N 5 kg·hm-2·d-1,较基肥期有明显下降;施氮量与氨挥发总量具有显著的线性正相关性,不同施肥处理下的氨挥发比例为17%~28%,N225＋M处理对应的氨挥发总量发生跃增,且氨挥发比例最高,增施干鸡粪对氨挥发的促进作用不大。从氮肥高效利用及低损耗的角度出发,本试验中尿素氮肥施用量应低于N 225 kg·hm-2,加强水氮协调也是降低稻田氮素损失的重要手段之一。NH3volatilization is one of important ways for nitrogen loss. To clarify NH3 volatilization regulations and major influence factors is important for N loss assessment and adjustment. Effects of fertilization period,N application level,the application of organic fertilizer and NH＋4concentrations on NH3 volatilization were studied to reveal the main characteristic of NH3 volatilization in Jiaxing in 2013 using a method of a continuous air flow enclosure. The results showed that NH3 volatilization mainly occurred in the first 5 days after basal fertilization and NH3 volatilization rate decreased with the time. After topdressing at the panicle initiation stage,NH3 volatilization rate was much lower（ 〈N 5 kg·hm- 2·d- 1） than that after basal fertilization,and NH3 volatilization in this stage fluctuated due to the falling air temperature and rainfall. There was a positive linear correlation between the amount of NH3 volatilization and N application level,and the percentage of N lost from NH3 was 17% ~28%. As to the treatment of N225 ＋ M,the amount of NH3 increased significantly and the percentage of N lost reached the maximum. The improvement of NH3 volatilization by dried chicken manure was little. For the purpose of high utilization and low loss of nitrogen fertilization,N application level should be below 225 kg · hm- 2,and water and nitrogen coordination should be enhanced.

关 键 词：嘉兴地区 稻田 氨挥发 影响因素 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]