广东方形围合族落的时空演化及类型划分  

Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Classification of Square Enclosure Clan Settlement in Guangdong

作　　者：任炳勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275

出　　处：《热带地理》2015年第6期910-916,共7页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571053)

摘　　要：以广东省86个方形围合族落为例,应用文献梳理、实地观察、建筑实测、深度访谈等研究方法,分析其时空演变过程,并对其类型进行划分,研究表明:广东省方形围合族落演化经历了草创期、次密集期、密集创建期和停滞期4个阶段;族落形态由早期的大型与小型相混合,中期大小型均衡稳定,后期向小规模演变;族落的形成机制主要受地理条件、民系迁徙、地域优势和政治因素的综合影响;以角楼、中轴祠堂、围数三因子作为分类的判定标识,运用数学排列组合与八卦分类方法,将族落划分为乾、兑、离、震、巽、坎、艮、坤8种类型,其类型分布总体上呈现南、北、东、西四大聚集区,而且聚集区之间存在散布着以巽型为主的客家民系,并存在西南和西北2个空白区。Through literature review, field observation, construction analysis, in-depth interview and other research methods, the evolution and classification of 86 cases of square enclosure clan settlements in Guangdong Province were analyzed. The results showed that： square enclosure clan settlements in Guangdong had experienced an evolution of initial construction, secondary intensive construction, intensive construction and stagnant stages. The form of clan settlements had changed from a mixture of large and small scales in the early stage to a stable balance between large and small sales in the middle stage and then to small scales in the later stage. The clan settlement formation mechanism was mainly influenced by geographical conditions, sub-ethnicity migration, territory advantages and political factors. The square enclosure clan settlements were restricted by geographical conditions, and they were distributed along migration routes. Territory advantages played a major role in their formation while political factors had played a leading role. Using turrets, clan halls with central axes and numbers as criteria, the square enclosure clan settlements in Guangdong Province were classified into 8 types, i.e., Gan, Dui, Li, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Gen and Kun, using mathematical permutation and combination and the Eight Diagrams. The square enclosure clan settlements concentrated in the four areas of the south, north, east and west with Hakka sub-ethnicity scattering between them in a major Xun type and with two blank areas of the southwest and northwest.

关 键 词：方形围合族落 八卦分类法 广东省 

分 类 号：P931.1[天文地球—自然地理学]