2005年至2014年苏州地区儿童呼吸道肺炎支原体感染流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with respiratory tract diseases in Suzhou area from 2005 to 2014

作　　者：张新星[1] 季伟[1] 顾文婧[1] 陈正荣[1] 严永东[1] 王美娟[1] 黄莉[1] 朱灿红[1] 邵雪君[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科,215003 [2]苏州大学附属儿童医院检验科,215003

出　　处：《中华传染病杂志》2015年第10期594-598,共5页Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases

基　　金：江苏省社会发展项目（BE2012652）

摘　　要：目的分析苏州地区儿童呼吸道肺炎支原体（MP）感染流行病学特征，为临床合理诊治及卫生行政部门制订防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集2005年10月至2014年12月苏州地区20021例因呼吸道感染住院患儿痰标本，荧光定量PCR法检测MPDNA；同时在人院24h内及治疗7～10d采集静脉血，ELISA法检测血清特异性MP抗体IgG、IgM，分析MP检出情况。各组阳性率比较采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法，计量资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果20021例患儿中，MP感染率为36．08％（7224／20021），其中女性患儿MP感染率为40．81％（3057／7490），明显高于男性患儿的33．25％（4167／12531，x^2=116．20，P〈0．01）。〈6个月、～1岁、～3岁、～7岁以及〉7岁患儿的MP感染率分别为18．35％、29．39％、43．93％、54．10％和64．48％，MP感染率随着年龄的增大逐渐升高（x^2=1949．65，P〈0．01）。春夏秋冬四季MP感染率分别为31.97％、41．57％、40．88％和29．90％，夏秋季患儿MP感染率明显高于冬春季（x^2=234．61，P〈0．01）。2008年秋季为10年中最高MP检出季节，达55．07％，而2010年春季MP感染率为10年中最低季节（18．48％）。除2007年四季MP感染率无明显波动外，其余年份四季的MP感染率均有不同程度的波动。2008年、2009年、2012年及2013年苏州地区MP感染率分别为46．03％、46．60％、39．28％和47．40％，处于较高水平，2011年为25．24％，为10年来最低水平，其余年份MP感染率均维持在30％左右。结论苏州地区儿童呼吸道MP感染处于较高水平，女性患儿感染率高于男性，MP感染可发生在各个年龄段儿童，但随着年龄的增大感染率逐渐升高，夏秋季节为MP感染高发季，每隔2-3年MP感染出现一个流行小高峰，流行期可持续2年左右。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae （MP） infection in children with respiratory tract diseases, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and to formulate control measurements for the administrative department of public health. Methods Sputum specimens of 20 021 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from October 2005 to December 2014 in Suzhou were collected. MP DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, venous blood was collected within 24 h after admission and 7--10 d of treatment. Specified MP antibodies IgG and IgM were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the detection rate of MP. The positive rates between groups were compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Measurement data were compared using Wilcoxon test. Results The MP infection rate was 36. 08% （7 224/20 021 cases） in 20 021 children. The MP infection rate of girls was 40. 81% （3 057/7 490）, which was significantly higher than that of boys （33. 25% 167/12 531], x^2=116.20, P〈0.01）. The MP infection rates of children at the age of less than six months, 6 months to 1 year old, 1--3 years old, 3--7 years old and older than 7 years old were 18.35%, 29.39%, 43.93%, 54.10% and 64.48%, respectively, which increased with age （x^2=1 949.65, P〈0. 01）. The MP infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 31.97%, 41.57%, 40.88% and 29.90%, respectively. The MP infection rate of children in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter （x^2= 234.61, P〈0.01）. The MP infection rate was highest in the autumn of year 2008 （55.07%） and lowest in the spring of year 2010 （18.48%） for the decade. The MP infection rate showed fluctuations with different degrees in four seasons except in 2007. In the past ten years, the MP infection rate in Suzhou area was at a higher level in 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013, which were 46.03 %, 4

关 键 词：肺炎 支原体 呼吸道疾病 流行病学 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]