密度对四川丘陵旱地带状种植小麦群体质量、产量及边际效应的影响  

Effect of Density on Population Quality,Yield and Border Effect of Stripplanting Wheat in Sichuan Hilly Areas

作　　者：马宏亮[1] 王秀芳[1] 樊高琼[1] 吴中伟[1] 李金刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第11期1551-1557,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-3);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127)

摘　　要：为了解四川丘陵旱地"双三零小麦/玉米"带状种植条件下小麦群体发展与产量构成的变化规律,以当地主推品种川麦42为材料,探讨了60×104、120×104、180×104、240×104和300×104·hm-2种植密度对带状种植小麦不同行间个体、群体发展的影响及其边际效应。结果表明,套作小麦的边行优势主要发生在生育后期;小麦苗期单株分蘖力及拔节期单茎干物质积累量在不同行间差异不显著;孕穗以后,边行优势明显;各种植密度下均以边行小麦的成穗率、单株成穗数、单茎干物质积累量最高,其有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量也较高,边行产量对群体产量的贡献最大;边行较内行增产的主要原因为有效穗数增加,其次是穗粒数增加,千粒重在行间差异不显著。180×104·hm-2密度下边行有效穗数基本达到饱和,穗粒数较大,边行和次边行的产量最高,为四川丘陵旱地"双三零"带状种植小麦最适宜种植密度。In order to find out the optimal planting density for stripplanting wheat in Sichuan hilly areas,the effects of planting density on population quality and yield of different lines were investigated.Chuanmai 42,which is a main variety in Sichuan province,was used as the experimental material.Five seeding densities,0.6,1.2,1.8,2.4,3.0million plants per hectare were designed to conduct a single field experiment for two years.The results indicated that the border effect mainly existed in the edge line and later growth stage of wheat.Under the same density before jointing stage,there was not significant difference in different lines for the tillering ability and plant dry weight,but after jointing stage individuals and groups quality showed significant border advantage,ear rate,spike numbers per plant and plant dry weight of the edge line were significantly higher than the second and the central row.So did the effective ears,grain number per spike,1 000-grain weight and the grain yield.The edge line achieved the highest yield and made the greatest contribution to the group yield,which was concerned with more ear and higher grain number per spike.However,there were small difference of 1 000-grain weight in different lines.There was a maximum effective ear number,more grainsper spike of edge line,and greatest yield of edge line and second line under the 1.8 million density,which was suggested to be the optimal planting density for stripplanting wheat in Sichuan hilly areas.

关 键 词：小麦 带状种植 密度 产量 边际效应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318