泥河湾山神庙嘴化石点直隶狼埋藏学研究  

Taphonomy of the Canis chihliensis Fossil Assemblage from the Shanshenmiaozui Site,Nihewan Basin

作　　者：陈曦[1,2] 同号文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2015年第4期553-564,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-15);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201211005-3)资助

摘　　要：长期以来,泥河湾盆地的脊椎动物化石研究聚焦于类群演化和生物地层,缺乏对化石埋藏过程和居群生态的专门研究。近年来,山神庙嘴化石点的正规发掘及丰富的化石发现为引入化石埋藏学方法探讨上述问题提供了可能。本文对山神庙嘴化石点直隶狼化石的骨骼部位组成、居群死亡年龄和生物成层过程进行了研究。骨骼部位组成的分析显示直隶狼的不同骨骼部位存在明显的差异保存,但在居群层面可能仍具有相当的可信度。本文借鉴现生灰狼中常用的牙齿磨耗法、犬齿髓腔闭合率法对山神庙嘴直隶狼的死亡年龄进行了判断。直隶狼的死亡年龄以老年为主,死亡方式为衰老、疾病导致的磨耗型死亡,可能对应了较小的生态压力。直隶狼的埋藏方式为快速的原地埋藏,在被埋藏前受到其他食肉动物和湖滨水流的的改造。For a long time,research about Nihewan Basin vertebrate fossils has focused on the evolution of major taxa and biostratigraphy;in contrast,the study of burial process and population ecology of these fossils is almost absent.Recently,scientific excavation of the Shanshenmiaozui locality provided an opportunity to undertake a taphonomy study in the Nihewan Basin.At this locality,numerous fossils have been recovered and the composition of Shanshenmiaozui（SSMZ） fauna coincides with classical Nihewan fauna belonging to the early Pleistocene.Here we present taphonomic research including statistics of skeletal elements,age profi les and biostratinomy processes of Canis chihliensis.This work shows that different skeletal elements have inconsistent preservation considering palaeoenvironmental contexts and spatial distribution of the bones.The age of these canids is estimated by two methods：tooth wear and pulp cavity measurements.Both of these approaches support an older dominant population,with a death age profile corresponding to attritional mortality.Some pathological phenomena have also been observed suggesting death by senility and disease.There is also information about the relationship of injured and weak individuals in this sample of Canis chihliensis.Based on analysis of spatial distribution,skeleton articulation,bone weathering and water modifi cation,the accumulation of the Shanshenmiaozui canids can be classifi ed as a type of rapid autochthonous distribution with some modifi cation by lake indicators.

关 键 词：直隶狼 埋藏学 泥河湾 山神庙嘴 早更新世 

分 类 号：Q915.86[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]