中国外交分权体系下的议会外交  

Parliamentary Diplomacy in the Chinese Diplomatic Power Division System

作　　者：王理万[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第11期139-155,160,共17页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：教育部国家留学基金"2014年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目"(项目编号:201406360080)资助成果

摘　　要：议会外交的兴起打破了由行政机关垄断外交权力的结构,创造了一种对外交往的新范式。中国全国人民代表大会及其常委会进行的国际交往也属于议会外交的范畴,但与西方"三权分立"体制下的制衡式的议会外交有显著差异。对于中国议会外交的研究,应将其放置在外交分权体系之中,侧重对于总体外交下全国人大的外交地位的研究,并总结中国议会外交的策略与方式。具体而言,中国的外交分权体系表现为成文宪法与不成文宪法相结合的"外交双重权力格局"。议会外交既是最高国家权力的直接运行,也是执政党领导下的总体外交的重要环节。在全国人大内部的职责分工上,"一院双层"的宪制构造使得议会外交的职能集中于常委会层面,并且建立了制度化的内外分工协作机制。在开展议会外交过程中,全国人大逐步明确了议会外交的目标,采取了灵活多样的策略方式,以服务于总体外交、促进经济发展并提升人大自身工作。现有外交分权体系确定了议会外交的制度空间,而国家安全委员会的设立则为规范外交分权体系、廓清议会外交的权力边界提供了制度契机。The National People's Congress(NPC) had begun its foreign communications when it was established in 1954.After the reform and opening up in 1978,China's parliamentary diplomacy was gradually restored.Although the practice of parliamentary diplomacy in China had a history of decades,scholarly research on it began around 2000 and has acquired substantial achievements.However,the existing literature neglects the dual source of the Chinese diplomacy in both the written constitution and unwritten constitution that control and influence the Chinese foreign policy.Under the diplomatic power division system,China's parliamentary diplomacy is generally considered an important part of its overall diplomatic policy.Through its internal organization,the NPC and its Standing Committee have established an effective mechanism of dividing responsibilities and achieving coordination between all of the departments.The goal of Chinese parliamentary diplomacy is to serve the strategy of China's overall diplomacy,the development of domestic economy,and the need of NPC's own work.In this developing and maturing process of parliamentary diplomacy,the NPC is gradually breaking away from the stereotype of 'rubber stamp' and partially restoring its constitutional authority.

关 键 词：外交分权 议会外交 全国人大 总体外交 外交策略 

分 类 号：D822.3[政治法律—政治学]