论梭罗个体自由诉求下的政治观  

On Thoreau's Political Viewpoints under the Pursuit of Individual Freedom

作　　者：秦红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2015年第11期37-40,共4页Journal of Changchun Normal University

摘　　要：梭罗不仅是一位自然作家,还是社会批评家。他在政治思想上深受洛克影响,主张社会个体之天赋自由权利的实现。梭罗相信性善论,对社会个体充满信心,对洛克的自然状态充满向往。但现实中政府作为"必要的恶"必须存在,因此梭罗退而求其次,希望获得"为政最少的政府",得到更为自由的社会个体。在方法论上,梭罗寄希望于在良心驱使下的个体对政府的温和反抗。与洛克的自由对财产的倚重思想不同,梭罗认为对财产的追求阻碍了自由的实现,因此他视自由的个体为生命的意义和更好政府的推进力量。Thoreau is not only a nature writer, but also a social critic. His political thoughts are much shaped by John Locke, both clai- ming the realization of individual natural rights. Thoreau believes in the goodness of human nature, full of confidence in the potentials of human individuals and longs for the state of nature described by Locke. Since in real life government has to exist as a ＂necessary evil＂ , Thoreau makes a compromise and asks for a ＂government that governs least＂ whence individuals are able to acquire more freedom. As for the means to the better government, Thoreau relies on the mild protest from conscientious social individuals. Unlike Locke＇ s reliance on property, Thoreau finds it prevents people from pursuing freedom and hence holds a negative opinion upon it, regarding freedom as the very significance of life and fostering force of a better government.

关 键 词：梭罗 洛克 自由 自然状态 政府 

分 类 号：D093[政治法律—政治学]