亚热带4种常绿阔叶林林分枯落物储量及持水功能研究  

A study on reserves and water holding function of litter in four types of evergreen broadleaved forest in subtropical zone of China

作　　者：赵雨虹[1,2] 范少辉 夏晨[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局林产工业规划设计院,北京100010 [2]国际竹藤中心,北京100102 [3]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西分宜336600

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期93-98,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD23B04)

摘　　要：为分析我国亚热带地区毛竹林向常绿阔叶林扩张过程中形成的4种典型林分枯落物水文功能,以江西省大岗山森林生态定位站常绿阔叶林、2竹8阔混交林、8竹2阔混交林和毛竹纯林4种林分为研究对象,对其枯落物未分解层和半分解层的储量、最大持水量、最大持水率、吸水速率、有效拦蓄量等水文特性进行了研究。结果表明：1 4种林分枯落物储量为毛竹纯林〉8竹2阔混交林〉2竹8阔混交林〉常绿阔叶林,不同分解程度比较可知,半分解层储量高于未分解层;有效拦蓄率以2竹8阔混交林最高（0.78）,毛竹林次之（0.77）,最低的为常绿阔叶林（0.42）。2不同林分不同分解程度的枯落物持水能力表现基本一致,常绿阔叶林由于储量小,在未分解层和半分解层中均最小,仅为0.33 mm和0.44 mm。3 4种林分持水量与浸泡时间的关系为S=aln（t）＋b,在0~4 h内,枯落物持水量迅速增长,此后,增长速度变缓;其吸水速率与浸泡时间的关系为V=atn,在0~2 h内,枯落物吸水速率迅速下降,2 h后吸水速率平稳。综合分析枯落物储量、持水能力和有效拦蓄能力发现,4种林分枯落物水文作用很难明确排序;竹林在储量和持水能力方面均显著优于常绿阔叶林,在水源涵养能力方面,随着常绿落叶林逐步被毛竹林所取代,枯落物水文功能也随之增强。In order to explore the litter hydrological functions in four types of forest stands in the process ofPhyllostachys edulisexpansion to evergreen broadleaved forest in subtropical zone of China, this paper studied the reserves and hydro-logical parameters of litter in semi-decomposed layer and undecomposed layer such as the maximum water holding capac-ity and rate, the water absorption rate and the effective interception amount under four kinds of forest stand： evergreenbroad-leaved forest, bamboo（20%）- broadleaf（80%） mixed forest, bamboo（80%）-broadleaf（20%） mixed forest andMao bamboo pure forest in Dagangshan mountain forest ecological station, Jiangxi Province. The results were shown asfollows： 1 the total litter reserves in four kinds of forest stand could be arranged from high to low as： Mao bamboo pureforest bamboo（80%）-broadleaf（20%） mixed forest bamboo（20%）- broadleaf（80%） mixed forest evergreenbroadleaved forest. And litter reserves of semi-decomposed layer was higher than that of undecomposed layer. Effectiveinterception rate of bamboo（20%）- broadleaf（80%） mixed forest was the highest, which was 0.78, slightly higher thanthat of the Mao bamboo forest（0.77）. The lowest interception rate was found in broad-leaved forest（0.42）. 2 The wa-terholding capacity of litter in different stands with various decomposition rate was consistent. Due to limited reserves,the waterholding quantities in broad-leaved forest were the smallest in both undecomposed and semi-decomposed layers,which were respectively 0.33 mm and 0.44 mm. 3 The relationship between water holding capacity and immersion timein litter of four forest stands could be shown in the equation：S=aln（t）＋b, water holding capacity of litter increased rap-idly within the first four hours, nthen rose slowly. While, the equation of the relationship between water absorption rateand immersion time was：V=at, and the litter water absorption rate decreased rapidly within the first two hours, thenthe rate w

关 键 词：毛竹 常绿阔叶林 枯落物 持水特性 大岗山 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]