不同土壤水分条件下甘蔗生理动态变化研究  

A Study on Sugarcane Physiological Dynamic Changes Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

作　　者：粟世华 

机构地区：[1]桂林市农田灌溉试验中心站,广西桂林541105

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第11期9-14,18,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301013)

摘　　要：研究不同土壤水分条件下甘蔗生理动态变化,从生理角度探讨甘蔗各个生育期适宜的土壤水分含量。在甘蔗幼苗期、分蘖期、伸长期、成熟期设置不同程度的土壤相对含水量处理,研究不同水分条件下甘蔗根系活力、自由水、束缚水、叶绿素、丙二醛、脯氨酸等生理指标的变化情况。结果发现,幼苗期土壤相对含水量为55%时根系活力、自由水含量最高;分蘖期土壤相对含水量为70%时自由水、叶绿素含量最高;伸长期土壤相对含水量为80%时根系活力、叶绿素含量最高,低于60%时丙二醛、脯氨酸含量大幅上升;成熟期土壤相对含水量低于50%时蔗叶遭受旱害,丙二醛、脯氨酸含量显著升高。可见,前期适当控水有利于甘蔗生长发育,中后期应注意灌溉,防止干旱胁迫。The sugarcane physiological dynamic changes under different soil moisture conditions were studied in order to explore the suitable soil moisture content in different growth periods of sugarcane from the physical point of view. The treatments with different relative soil water content in seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage, mature period of sugarcane were set up to study the changes of sugarcane physiological indexes of root activity, free water, bound water, chlorophyll, MDA, proline, etc, in different water conditions. The results showed that when soil relative water content was 55% in seedling stage, the root activity and free water content were the highest; when soil relative water content was 70% in tillering stage, the free water and chlorophyll content were the highest; when soil relative water content was 80% in elongation stage, the root activity and chlorophyll content were the highest but when soil relative water content was lower than 60 % in elongation stage, MDA and proline content increased substantially; in mature period, when soil relative water content was lower than 50%, sugarcane leaves suffered drought, and the MDA, proline content increased significantly; clear, proper water-containment in early stage was conducive to the growth of sugarcane, so irrigation in the middle and late stage should be paid attention to prevent drought stress.

关 键 词：甘蔗 土壤水分 生理指标 动态变化 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]