粒子冲击钻井钻头内流道冲蚀特性研究  

Erosion Characteristics of Inner Flow Channels of the Particle Impact Drilling Bit

作　　者：邢雪阳[1] 徐依吉[1] 杨勇[1] 王刚庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院 [2]江汉机械研究所

出　　处：《石油机械》2015年第11期39-43,共5页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团公司重点项目"粒子冲击钻井技术研究"(2008A-2301;2010A-4201);山东省自然科学基金重点项目"粒子冲击钻井技术理论及关键技术研究"(ZR2010EZ004)

摘　　要：粒子钻头喷嘴及内流道水力参数设计、冲蚀规律及防冲蚀和耐磨损研究对粒子冲击钻井技术的成败至关重要。通过理论分析、数值模拟及试验研究相结合的方法,设计了粒子钻井用射流喷嘴及流道结构,研究了粒子钻头内流道冲蚀特性,并提出了粒子钻头内流道防冲蚀和耐磨措施。研究结果表明,粒子钻头采用等径12 mm锥直型双喷嘴组合,内流道收敛段和加速直线段长度分别为37和60 mm,喷嘴入口直径25 mm,收缩角半角10°;粒子钻头内流道由于过流断面突变存在多个低压漩涡区,可能导致内流道空蚀磨损,而冲蚀磨损主要在内流道底部,可通过倒角直径变大和内流道镀镍表面强化处理措施解决;钻头内流道最大冲蚀磨损率不到1%,冲蚀磨损较轻,说明内流道结构设计合理。The bit nozzles,the inner flow channel hydraulic parameters,erosion law and anti-erosion and abrasion resistance of the particle impact drilling bit are essential for the success of particle impact drilling technology. Through theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and experimental study,the particle drilling jet nozzle and flow channel structure are designed,the flow channel erosion characteristics are analyzed,and the anti-erosion and abrasion resistance measures for the inner flow channel are proposed. The results show that the optimal parameters for the particle impact drilling bit is a 12 mm diameter dual straight cone nozzle,37 mm flow channel convergence segment and 60 mm accelerate segment,with nozzle inlet diameter of 25 mm and half angle of throat of 10°. Several low-pressure vortex flow area is presented due to abrupt change of flow passages, and may lead to cavitation wear. The erosion is mostly observed at the inner flow channel bottom,which can be addressed through enlarging the chamfer diameter and nickel surface hardening treatment on the inner flow channel. The designed flow channel has a maximum erosion rate of less than 1%. This small erosion indicates a rational flow channel design.

关 键 词：粒子冲击钻井 钻头 射流喷嘴 内流道 冲蚀磨损 空蚀 流场模拟 

分 类 号：TE248[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]