水田株间除草机械除草机理研究与关键部件设计  

Herbicidal Mechanism and Key Components Design for Paddy Weeding Device

作　　者：陶桂香[1,2] 王金武[1] 周文琪[1] 牛春亮[1] 赵佳乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第11期57-63,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD06B04);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z13030);黑龙江八一农垦大学科研启动基金资助项目(DXB2013-20)

摘　　要：针对现有水田株间除草机伤苗率高等问题,进行机理分析和改进设计,采用左、右2组弹齿盘对称安装,通过软轴带动除草弹齿盘旋转,完成除草功能。通过对除草关键部件弹齿盘的运动学和水田植物(水稻稻苗和稗草)的强度分析,建立了弹齿盘的运动学模型以及水田植物的受力模型、应力模型。通过水田植物的应力模型分析,建立了水田植物的强度条件,并根据水田植物(水稻稻苗和稗草)的物理特性、弹齿盘基本参数,获得了除草盘转动角速度、弹齿数量的取值范围,并通过室内土槽试验确定了弹齿盘转动角速度为25.1 rad/s、弹齿数量为5。通过田间性能检测,结果表明,除草率为80%、伤苗率为4.5%,均达到了农艺技术指标的要求。In the process of rice growth, the weeds will decrease the quality and yield of rice. At present, both herbicide and manual weed control have many shortages. Chemical weed control causes environmental pollution, reduces crop nutrition and increases weed drug resistance. Manual weed control is labor-intensive, low-efficient and bounds labor. Mechanical weed control is helpful to protect environment and the high efficient will be an irresistible trend. In order to improve the weeding rate and reduce the damage rate of rice seedlings while weeding, the mechanism analysis and improvement of paddy field weeding device was were done. The weeding device was symmetrically installed on the two groups of spring tooth disc （left and right）. The two groups of spring tooth disc rotated to complete the weeding by flexible shaft. According to kinematics analysis of the key components of spring tooth disc and the strength analysis of rice seedlings and barnyard grass, the kinematics model of spring tooth disc and stress model of paddy rice seedlings and barnyard grass were established. According to the stress analysis, the strength condition of rice seedlings and barnyard grass were presented. According to physical characteristics of rice seedlings and barnyard grass and the basic parameters of spring tooth disc, the variation range of rotating angular velocity and teeth number of spring tooth disc were obtained. Through various testing on the compaction device, the optimum working parameters of the compaction device were obtained. The test showed that rotating angular velocity was 25.1 rad/s and teeth number was 5. Performance testing in field was carried out for the paddy weeding device. The results showed that weeding rate was 80% and injury rate was 4. 5%. The weeding machine had good quality, and had met the agronomic technical requirements when rotating angular velocity was 25. 1 rad/s and teeth number was 5.

关 键 词：水田 除草弹齿盘 株间 机理 设计 

分 类 号：S224.14[农业科学—农业机械化工程]