水肥一体化灌溉施肥机吸肥器结构优化与性能试验  

Structure Optimization of Suction Device and Performance Test of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Fertigation Machine

作　　者：刘永华[1,2] 沈明霞[1] 蒋小平[3] 姜宽舒 冯琦[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程实验室,南京210031 [2]江苏农林职业技术学院现代园艺工程技术中心,句容212400 [3]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第11期76-81,48,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109098);江苏省农业科技自主创新资助项目(CX(12)3030);江苏省农业三新工程资助项目(SXGC[2012]382);江苏省农机三新工程资助项目(NJ2013-18、NJ2013-28)

摘　　要：为了优化水肥一体化灌溉施肥机并提高其吸肥性能,在分析文丘里吸肥器工作原理基础上,依据经济流速流量对照表,综合考虑施肥装置及管路系统的沿程损失与局部损失,以吸肥流量为评价指标,应用CFD数值计算对影响系统吸肥性能的关键核心部件文丘里吸肥器的渐缩角α、渐扩角β、喉部直径d0进行单因素性能优化设计,获得了3个主要结构参数对其吸肥性能的影响规律;通过三因素三水平的正交试验方案,得出基于CFD数值计算的文丘里吸肥器最优结构参数组合,渐缩角α为20°、渐扩角β为8°、喉部直径d0为6 mm,且当吸肥管与文丘里主管道呈40°倾角时吸肥性能最优。模拟数据与水肥一体化灌溉施肥机运行数据表明,CFD数值优化后的文丘里吸肥器吸肥流量提高约38.6%,与模糊自动控制系统相配合的水肥一体化灌溉施肥机的吸肥流量总体提高约47.6%,节能效果显著。In order to optimize the integrated water and fertilizer fertigation machine and improve its fertigation performance, the working principle of Venturi injector was analyzed. According to the table of economic flow rate, the frictional loss and local loss of pipeline system as well as fertigation machine were taken into consideration. Taking flow of fertilizer absorption as evaluation index, single factor optimization experiment was carried out on some main parameters in Venturi injector which is the key component in the system by using CFD numerical calculation, including tapered angle ct, divergent angle fl and throat diameter d0. The influence rule of three parameters above on fertigation performance was obtained. Then through the orthogonal test with 3-factors and 3-levels, the combination of optimal structure parameters was got with CFD numerical calculation, that means, tapered angle α = 20α, divergent angle α = 8° and throat diameter do = 6 mm. And the best fertigation performance was got when the angle between the absorption tube and the main pipe of Venturi was around 40°. Comparing with the simulated data and actual operation data of integrated water and fertilizer fertigation machine, it indicated that the fertigation absorption flow of Venturi was increased by about 38.6% after CFD numerical optimization, and the overall fertilizer absorption flow was increased by about 47.6% with fertigation machine matched with the fuzzy automatic control system. The energy saving effect is remarkable.

关 键 词：灌溉施肥机 文丘里吸肥器 结构优化 性能试验 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]