基于叶片干物质的冬小麦临界氮稀释曲线模拟研究  

Development of Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve in Winter Wheat Based on Leaf Dry Matter

作　　者：强生才[1,2] 张富仓[2,3] 田建柯 吴悠[1] 闫世程 范军亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第11期121-128,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA100504);高等学校创新引智计划(111计划)资助项目(B12007)

摘　　要：过量施氮现象在陕西省关中平原非常突出，采用简单有效的作物施氮量估算技术，可实现生产成本降低和生态环境改善的双重目的。临界氮浓度可用于诊断作物氮营养状况，前人多基于地上部干物质建立临界氮素稀释曲线，而本研究以叶片干物质建立该曲线。试验设6个冬小麦品种和4个氮素（N0、N1、N2和N3）水平，以两季（2013--2015年）田间数据构建和验证了基于叶片干物质的冬小麦营养生长期临界氮稀释曲线，经拟合，叶片的临界氮浓度与叶片最大干物质符合负幂函数关系，依据临界氮稀释曲线推导的氮营养指数可评价冬小麦的氮营养状况。结果表明，氮营养指数随施氮量的增加而增加，其值介于0．57—1．21之间，建立的相对产量与氮营养指数关系表明，关中平原适宜的施氮量介于105～210kg／hm^2之间。基于叶片干物质的临界氮稀释曲线模型可以很好地评估植株体的氮营养状况，用以指导该区域冬小麦的科学施氮。The Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province is one of the major regions of wheat production in China. Farmers believe that the more nitrogen is applied, the higher yield is obtained. In fact, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer does not increase the yield of wheat synchronously, but cause a series of environmental issues. A simple but effective technique for crop nitrogen estimation can lower the production cost and improve the ecological environment. The critical nitrogen concentration can be used to diagnose the crop nitrogen status. Previous researchers mainly developed the critical nitrogen dilution curve based on the aboveground dry matter, whilst the leaf dry matter was used to establish the curve in this study. The field experiments were conducted between 2013 and 2015 to construct and validate the critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf dry matter in the vegetative stage in winter wheat. In this study, we selected six winter wheat varieties and set four nitrogen levels NO （0） , N1 （ 105 kg/hm2 ）, N2 （210 kg/hm^2） and N3 （315 kg/hm2）. Results showed that there were negative power relationships between the critical nitrogen concentration and the maximum leaf dry matter. The nitrogen nutrition index derived from the critical nitrogen dilution curve could be used to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition status of winter wheat. The nitrogen nutrition index increased with the nitrogen rate, with the values between 0.57 and 1.21. The relation between nitrogen nutrition index and relative yield indicate that 105 - 210 kg/hm2 was the optimal nitrogen rate for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain. The critical nitrogen dilution curves based on leaf dry matter were successfully used to assess of the nitrogen nutrition status of winter, which can be used for guiding scientific application and diagnose of nitrogen in Guanzhong Plain.

关 键 词：关中平原 冬小麦 叶片干物质 氮肥 临界氮浓度 氮营养指数 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学] S512.11[农业科学—作物学]