卵黄抗体(IgY)及其在蛇伤治疗中的研究进展  

Immunoglobulin of Egg Yolk(IgY)and Its Research Progress on Treatment of Snakebite

作　　者：王文文[1] 和七一[1] 刘刚[1] 余晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院重庆市动物生物学重点实验室重庆市生物活性物质工程研究中心教育部活性物质生物技术工程研究中心,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期46-52,共7页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆市林业局渝林科研2015-5;重庆市自然基金(No.CSTC2014yykfA110019)

摘　　要：传统抗蛇毒血清存在生产成本高、得率低、多种副作用等不足,使得寻找更理想的蛇毒解毒剂变得十分迫切;因卵黄抗体(IgY)在生产及中和蛇毒毒性等方面所体现的独特优势,成为开发新蛇毒解毒剂的重要研究对象。当前研究表明:IgY与哺乳动物IgG功能相似但结构不同;IgY据有良好的耐压及耐酸碱稳定性,但对高温及蛋白水酶敏感;相比IgG,IgY的生产成本低且具有非侵略性,其运用于免疫分析可降低假阳性率;产蛋鸡的免疫应答受抗原(剂量、分子量)、佐剂类型、免疫途径、免疫间隔等4种主要因素共同影响;纯化方法影响IgY纯度与活性;已制备出的多种抗蛇毒IgY对蛇毒引起的毒理作用有很好的中和效果。随着生物技术的快速发展,抗蛇毒IgY有望被开发成解毒剂、诊断试纸、亲和配体、口服制剂等,在蛇伤研究领域的应用前景广阔。Due to some serious disadvantages such as high cost,low yield and some side effects of antivenom,looking for more ideal antidotes to treat snakebite victims has been becoming important.Naturally,immunoglobulin of egg yolk（IgY）has been given much attentions and become an important object for our developing new antidotes against the snakebites because of IgY＇s special features in production and effect of neutralization.Current studies show that IgY and mammalian IgG share a similar biological function but they have some striking differences in the structures.IgY is particularly stable at high pressure and across a diverse range of pHs but it is susceptible to high temperature and proteolytic.Compared with IgG,IgY can be produced relatively cheaply and noninvasively and the utility of IgY in immunological assay can reduce the cause of false positive results.The resulting immune response of immunized of hens can be influenced by four main factors：the antigen（dose,molecular weight）,the type of adjuvant,the route for antigen injection and interval between immunisations.The purification method can influence the purity and activity of IgY.The development of anti-snake venom IgY and its good neutralizing effects on various toxicological effects caused by snake venoms have been showed in much studies.With the advance in biotechnology,anti-snake venom IgY is expected to be developed into antidote,rapid diagnosis test paper,affinity ligand,oral preparation and so on,the application prospect of anti-snake venom IgY in the research field of snakebite is wide.

关 键 词：解毒剂 卵黄抗体(IgY) 抗蛇毒IgY 

分 类 号：R392.5[医药卫生—免疫学] Q939.91[医药卫生—基础医学]