基于GIS重庆土壤侵蚀及土壤保持分析  

GIS-based spatial analysis of soil erosion and soil conservation in Chongqing,China

作　　者：肖洋[1,2] 欧阳志云[1] 徐卫华[1] 肖燚[1] 肖强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第21期7130-7138,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40901289);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAC09B08-02)

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀作为一个重大的全球环境问题,严重地威胁着区域生态环境质量和社会经济。在考虑植被覆盖度与土壤侵蚀关系的前提下,通过查表法,构建不同土地覆盖类型和不同植被覆盖度下的C值图层,并基于地理信息技术(GIS)和通用土壤侵蚀方程(USLE)估算了重庆地区土壤侵蚀量,土壤保持量和土壤保持价值。结果表明:重庆地区2010年土壤侵蚀量约为2.23亿t/a;土壤保持量约为14.69亿t/a。利用市场价值法,机会成本法和影子工程法评价了各类生态系统土壤保持的生态价值。研究区2010年土壤保持价值相对于2006年有所提升,2010年生态系统因防止土壤侵蚀而产生的土壤保持总价值约为6.18×105万元,其中保持土壤养分的价值为5.44×105万元;减少废弃地的价值为2.65×104万元;减轻泥沙淤积灾害的价值为4.78×104万元。各生态系统类型中,森林生态系统土壤保持价值量最大,单位面积价值最高。Soil erosion is an important global environmental problem that significantly impacts regional environmental quality and the social economy. Ecosystems protect soil from water and wind erosion and thereby provide ＂ soil erosion control services,＂ which is one of the most fundamental ecosystem services that of the most important ecological zones in China, and is located on the safeguard human welfare. Chongqing Region is one upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （ TGRA）, which is the largest dam project worldwide. The status of the ecosystem functions in Chongqing Region directly affects the TGRA. Recently, the ecological environment of this region has rapidly changed because of extensive change in land cover, due to rapid population growth and economic development. In addition to climate change mitigation and adaption, global changes in climate have highlighted the role of ecosystems in soil conservation. Owing to a combination of natural factors and recent human activities, serious. However, few studies have focused value in the Chongqing Region soil erosion in certain parts of the Chongqing Region is becoming increasingly on the quantitative estimates of the soil conservation service and its ecological This study aimed to construct the C value layer of different land cover types and different vegetation coverage based on the table lookup method. In addition, soil loss and soil conservation services in Chongqing Region were evaluated by geographic information system （GIS） technology and the universal soil loss equation （USLE） with localized parameters. The spatial patterns of the soil conservation service and its ecological value were revealed. The results of the study indicate that, compared to the single land cover assignment method, the improved C value layer containing more spatial information enhances the accuracy of soil erosion results. To verify that this model may be reliability applied, we validated the model results based on observed data and statistical data based on averag

关 键 词：通用土壤流失方程 土壤侵蚀 土壤保持 生态价值 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]