西安市城乡建设用地时空扩展及驱动因素  

Spatio-temporal characteristics and & driving forces of built-up land in Xi'an,China

作　　者：王晓峰[1,2] 傅伯杰[2] 苏常红[3] 王茸茸[1] 赵永华[1] 李团胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域国家生态研究重点实验室,北京100085 [3]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第21期7139-7149,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41040011,41471097);陕西省自然科学基金(2014JM5211);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(自然科学类)(2013G1271098)

摘　　要：城乡建设用地变化及驱动机制是国内外研究的热点领域,我国正处在城镇化快速发展时期,建设用地的迅速扩张已成为当前中国土地利用变化的主要特征。以5期(1975、1990、2000、2005和2010年)土地利用现状数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析技术,提取建设用地变化及空间分布信息,利用建设用地扩展指数和建设用地密度分析方法对近35年来(1975—2010年)西安市建设用地扩展的时空特征进行分析。并结合社会经济数据,对建设用地空间扩展驱动力进行分析。结果表明:西安市建设用地面积急剧增长,建筑密度不断加大,并且城乡空间差异较大。西安市建设用地扩展是多因素综合作用的结果,高程和坡度控制着建设用地的分布格局,城市沿河谷扩展。西安市城市建设应加强区域宏观规划和土地利用详细规划,切实保护秦岭北麓林草地,加强历史文化名城特色,避免低层次文化复古创修。Urban and rural land use change and associated driving mechanisms represent an active field of research in China and abroad. China is experiencing rapid urbanization and expansion of newly constructed land. Specifically, over the last decade, there has been a 78.5% expansion of urban built-up areas, which poses many potential environmental problems. Understanding the processes and driving mechanisms for the expansion of built-up land is conducive to prudent urban planning and management policies. In this study, the Xi＇ an metropolitan area was approximately divided into the city proper, township region, and rural areas based on various factors such as population size and the percentage of built-up land.We monitored variations in the trajectory of the built-up area and associated driving forces in Xi＇an City for the last 35 years by using the Window Analysis Method combined with an expansion index.The results showed that the built-up area in Xi＇an increased from 81787.3 hm^2（8.1%） in 1975 to 107171.8 hm^2（10.6%） in 2010. Temporally, the built-up area expanded at an increasing pace. The rate of land change was 173.11 hm^2/a from 1975 to 1990 and 1139.39 hm^2/a from 1990 to 2010, with the highest expansion rate of 2995.82 hm^2/a occurring from 2000 to 2005. Urban and rural spatial differences in land use change were noticeable. Spatially, the central part of the metropolitan area increased more than the surrounding rural area.Built-up land expansion in Xi＇an is a complex process subject to multiple factors at various scales. At the macro-scale, geomorphology is a limiting factor for built-up area expansion, i.e., the buih-up area was mainly distributed over low terrain initially, followed by the development of tablelands on the higher mountain ranges and the lower river valley. Furthermore, population size and per-capita gross domestic product （GDP） also played significant roles in the pattern of development in the built-up area. At the landscape scale, education facilities, roads and wetlands/pa

关 键 词：建设用地 建设密度 扩展指数 驱动力 

分 类 号：F299.23[经济管理—国民经济]