副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寄生影响因子  

Factors influencing the parasitism of Metaphycus parasaissetiae( Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae)

作　　者：张方平[1] 朱俊洪[2] 韩冬银[1] 李磊[1] 牛黎明[1] 符悦冠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南省热带作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,海口571101 [2]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第21期7255-7262,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部发展南亚热带作物办公室项目(12RZBC-20,13RZBC-15,14RZBC-15);中国热带农业科学院基本业务费(1630042012005)

摘　　要：副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus parasaissetiae是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra成虫的重要内寄生蜂。寄生蜂的寄生效果受多种因素影响,就温度、光周期、寄主成虫日龄、雌蜂日龄及交配等因子对副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寄生率、每头寄主的出蜂量及后代雌性率的影响进行研究,以期探明几种因子对该蜂寄生效果的影响。结果表明:温度为27—30℃时寄生率最高为91.7%,出蜂量以27℃最高为7.5头,雌性率以24℃条件最高为72.1%,其次27℃为62.6%,说明24—30℃是寄生效果较好的适温范围;光周期对副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的影响明显,光暗比为12 h∶12 h条件下,其寄生率、出蜂量、后代雌性率均最大,分别为70.6%、5.3头、68.3%;副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂寄生用20—21日龄橡副珠蜡蚧成虫的寄生率、出蜂量及后代雌性率均为最高,分别为87.0%、5.6头、51.2%,说明20—21日龄的橡副珠蜡蚧成虫是副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂最适合寄生的阶段;雌蜂日龄对寄生效果的影响明显,3日龄的出蜂量最多为5.6头,4日龄的小蜂寄生率最高为81.7%,5日龄的雌性率最大为55.2%;交配是另一影响寄生效果及性比的重要因子,已交配的寄生率及出蜂量显著高于未交配的,分别为91.7%、7.5头,交配的雌性率为62.1%,而未交配所育后代均为雄蜂。综合以上结果分析,可考虑选用20—21日龄橡副珠蜡蚧成虫、充分交配的3—6日龄小蜂、温度27℃及光周期L∶D=12∶12作为室内扩繁副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的理想条件组合。Metaphycus parasaissetiae is a dominant endoparasitoid found in Parasaissetia nigra adults; however, various factors influence the efficiency of the parasite. The parasitic rate, emergence amount per host, and the sexes of its progeny were used to evaluate the effects of temperature, photoperiods, ages of P. nigra adults, adult ages, and female M. parasaissetiae mating success on parasitic efficiency. The results showed that the parasitic rate peaked （91.7%） at 27--30 ℃, but decreased to 88.3% at 33 ℃. In the temperature range of 21 to 27 ℃, the emergence levels of M. parasaissetiae gradually increased with temperature, increasing 7.5 at 27 ℃. This emergence level was significantly higher than that recorded at other temperatures. However, in the temperature range of 27 to 33 ℃, the emergence level decreased with temperature, declining to 5.1 at 33 ℃. The highest female ratio was 72.1% at 24 ℃, followed by 62.6% at 27 ℃ ; thus, a temperature range of 24 to 30 ℃ is suitable for the parasitoid. Parasitic efficiency gradually increased as the illumination duration was increased from 8 h to 12 h. After 12 h illumination, the number of parasitized hosts, parasitic rate, emergence level, and female progeny ratio of M. parasaissetiae were the highest in all groups, i.e., 21.2, 70.6%, 5.3, and 68.3%, respectively. However, these factors decreased after 16 h illumination, i.e., 9.0, 30.0%, 1.7, and 34.1%, respectively. In parasitized P. nigra adults aged 20 and 21 days, the highest parasitic rate （ 87.0%）, number of emerging parasitoids （5.6）, and female progeny ratio （51.2%） of M. parasaissetiae was recorded. In comparison, in parasitized hosts aged 1 and 2 days, these factors were 33.0%, 0.9, and 46.6% respectively. This result indicates that adult P. nigra hosts aged 20 and 21 days are the most compatible for M. parasaissetiae, while those aged 1 to 2 days were not optimal. The age of female parasitoid adults represented another important factor that influences the parasitic efficiency

关 键 词：橡副珠蜡蚧 副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂 寄生率 雌性率 出蜂量 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]