南极海冰增加对全球7月气候的影响  

The Effect of Antarctic Sea Ice on the Climate

作　　者：魏立新[1] 解思梅[2] 张占海 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003 [2]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081 [3]中国极地研究所,上海200129

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2003年第S2期285-291,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目(2001DIA5040 03 02)资助

摘　　要：采用了OSU两层大气环流模式进行数值试验,研究了南极海冰增加的气候效应.试验中海温取为气候平均值,南极海冰作为外强迫源影响大气,大气响应完全是环流内部调整的结果.调整的途径首先是对外强迫的局地响应———南极下垫面的温度发生变化,结果使得冬季南大洋绕极低压带的位置偏北、强度增加,南半球大气以强经向环流为主,绕极气旋强大活跃.这种变异主要以Rossby波列的形式影响到南半球的中高纬度,再通过斜压的越赤道气流,即经向热交换的变化影响到北半球的大气环流,导致北半球夏季大气环流呈纬向分布,极地冷空气活动减弱.大气环流的变异又影响到气候诸要素,反映明显的是越赤道气流在印度洋上的加强和太平洋上的减弱,使得西南季风加强,东南季风减弱;太平洋副高位置的偏北,导致中国华北、华东和江淮流域少雨、高温,北美中高纬度严重多雨和低温.In this paper the OSU-2 AGCM is used to model the effect of Antarctic sea ice increasing on climate. Because the sea surface temperature in the experiment is climatic averaged, the sea ice affects atmosphere as a source of out-forcing. The response of atmosphere is mostly the result of inner adjusting of circulation, and the first way is local temperature change, and then is the change of location and intensity of the depression belt around Antarctic. The Rossby wave spreads the abnormal energy to the middle and high latitudes, and then through the air current crossing the equator the circulation of north hemisphere can be affected. Thus more latitudinal summer air circulation appears in the north hemisphere and the arctic cold air becomes weak. As to other climatic factors, the obvious enhancing of air current crossing the equator over Indian Ocean and the weakening of that over the Pacific lead southwest monsoon intensified and southeast monsoon weakened, and the subtropical high moving northward leads some places of China becoming dry and hot, and the middle and high latitudes of north America becoming wet and cool. 

关 键 词：南极海冰 数值模拟 气候效应 

分 类 号：P461.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]