新疆乌什县核桃生产园土壤肥力评价  

Soil Fertility Evaluation of Walnut Orchards in Wushi County,Xinjiang

作　　者：张玲[1] 潘存德[1] 赵善超[1] 潘鑫[1] 胡渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院/新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第8期1407-1418,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"重大科技专项课题(201130102-2);新疆维吾尔自治区林业科技专项资金项目

摘　　要：【目的】通过对新疆乌什县核桃(Juglans regia L.)生产园土壤肥力评价,深入了解其核桃生产园的土壤肥力现状,为乌什县加强核桃生产园施肥和土壤养分管理的必要性提供科学认识。【方法】采样测定核桃生产园土壤有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)养分含量,并采用主成分分析方法构建土壤肥力指数评价模型。【结果】除Ca、Mg、Zn养分含量外,乌什县绝大多数核桃生产园土壤OM、TN、TP、TK、AN、Fe、Mn、Cu养分含量不足或缺乏,并且有一半左右的核桃生产园土壤AP、AK养分含量也处于不足或缺乏状态。核桃生产园以"低"土壤肥力为主,接近2/3;"中"土壤肥力生产园不足1/3;"高"土壤肥力生产园很少,只有零星分布。【结论】根据乌什县每一个核桃生产园的土壤肥力和养分状况,结合树体营养诊断,因地制宜,加强对核桃生产园的施肥和土壤养分管理,以达到增产、提质的目的。核桃生产园的施肥与土壤养分管理应优先考虑土壤有机质、碱解N、有效P、速效K含量的提高,持续改善和维持土壤Ca、Mg、Zn的有效供给。【Objective】Through soil fertility evaluation of the walnut orchards,this investigation aims at having a deep insight into the soil fertility status in order to provide the necessity of scientific understanding for fertilization and soil nutrient management of the orchards in Wushi County,Xinjiang. 【Method】Soil organic matter（ OM）,total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorus（ TP）,total potassium（ TK）,alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen（ AN）,available phosphorus（ AP）,available potassium（ AK）,calcium（ Ca）,magnesium（ Mg）,iron（ Fe）,manganese（ Mn）,copper（ Cu）,zinc（ Zn） content were determined by means of soil sampling from the orchards,and the evaluation model of soil fertility index（ SFI） was set up using the method of principal component analysis（ PCA）.【Result】In addition to the Ca,Mg,Zn nutrient contents,the vast majority of the walnut orchard soil OM,TN,TP,TK,AN,Fe,Mn,Cu nutrient contents were deficient or not enough,and also about half of the walnut orchard soil AP,AK nutrient contents were insufficient or not plentiful. The orchards with ＂ low＂ soil fertility accounted for vast majority,nearly two- thirds,and those with ＂ medium＂ soil fertility accounted for less than one third,and those with ＂ high＂ soil fertility accounted for a small number,only scattered in few places.【Conclusion】It was suggested that to enhance the fertilization and soil nutrient manage-ment adjusting measures to adapt to the local conditions,the combination of the nutrition diagnosis should be considered in order to achieve the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality of the fruits according to the soil fertility and the soil nutrient status of each walnut orchard in Wushi County. The fertilization and soil nutrient management of soil OM,AN,AP,AK contents increase should be given priority to and sustainable improvement of soil Ca,Mg,Zn of effective supply must be emphasized.

关 键 词：核桃园 土壤养分 土壤肥力 评价 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]