太行山山麓平原30年间土壤养分与供肥能力变化  

CHANGES OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AND SUPPLY CAPACITIES IN THE PIEDMONT PLAIN OF TAIHANG MOUNTAIN DURING THE PERIOD OF 1978—2008

作　　者：刘建玲[1] 贾可[1,2] 廖文华[1] 高志岭 吕英华[3] 贾文竹[3] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]中国-阿拉伯化肥有限公司,河北秦皇岛066003 [3]河北省农业厅土壤肥料总站,石家庄050021

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第6期1325-1335,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(122202D);河北省农业开发办公室项目资助

摘　　要：采用大面积土壤养分定位监测和肥料定位试验相结合的方法,研究了太行山山麓平原17个县851个点在1978—2008年的土壤养分动态变化及1996—1999年、2010—2012年两时段土壤供肥能力的变化。研究结果:1978—2008年间,太行山山麓平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷的含量分别增加了7.67 g kg-1、0.31 g kg-1、17.77 mg kg-1;其中,1993—2008年间的变化量分别占1978—2008年间变化量总量的70.8%、60.0%、75.5%。土壤速效钾含量在1978—1993年间降低了16.45 mg kg-1,而在1993—2008年期间增加了14.40 mg kg-1。同时,土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量的空间变异正在逐渐增加,土壤全氮含量的变化在逐渐减小。目前土壤供氮、磷、钾能力在冬小麦茬口分别为89.3%、84.6%、96.6%,较1996—1999年期间分别增加37.9、0.7、2.1个百分点;土壤供氮、磷、钾能力在夏玉米茬口分别为72.8%、90.2%、86.1%,比1996—1999年期间土壤供氮、磷、钾分别增加18.0、7.1、-4.8个百分点。土壤氮磷钾输入量超过作物需求量从而导致土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾等肥力指标逐渐升高,作物产量对肥料养分的响应日趋迟钝,肥料利用率逐渐降低。With the termination of national soil test and recommendation initiated in 2005, it is indicated that soil fertility has been improved in different magnitude, especially in the soil phosphorus. Therefore, how to determine reasonable fertilization rates under different soil fertility conditions has become an important issue to maintain or increase yield yet reduce the respective environmental risks. In this study, to examine the current soil fertility, total sampling sites of 851, across 17 counties in the piedmont plain around Taihang Mountain during 2005--2008 （ national soil test and recommendation ） , were determined, where 193 sites were located in Baoding, 401 sites in Shijiazhuang and 257 sites in Handan-Xingtai area. To examine the dynamic changes of soil nutrients of winter wheat-summer maize rotations in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province, historical parameters of soil organic matter （ OM ） , soil total nitrogen （ TN ） , Olsen-P and soil available K in the databases established in 1978 （ the second nation soil survey ） and 1993 （ Changes and control of the arable land top layer in Hebei Province ） were extracted. Although the research target of above databases in different period diversified, but large number of investigated sites had same global coordinates, which represented 50% of the total counties within this region. Therefore, the historical correlation between soil nutrient elements and soil fertility can be evaluated. In addition, in order to evaluate the impacts of the changes of soil nutrients on the yield responses of winter wheat and summer maize to the N, P and K fertilization rates, two field experiments during 1996--1999 and 2010--2012 located in the Gaocheng, Shijiazhuang （ 38~00＇N, 114~50＇E ） , a typical winter wheat and summer maize area in the piedmont plain, were selected, of these two experiments, seven treatments including NPK, -N （PK） , -P （NK） , -K （NP） , 1/2N （1/2NPK） , 1/2P （1/2P NK） and 1/2K （1/2K NP） w

关 键 词：太行山山麓平原 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 土壤供肥量 土壤养分动态变化 产量效应 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]