种植模式和施氮水平对大豆花荚脱落及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Planting Patterns and N Application Rates on Abscission of Flower and Pod of Soybean and Yield

作　　者：蒋利[1] 雍太文[1] 张群[1] 肖静[1] 杨欢[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《大豆科学》2015年第5期843-849,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS19);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)

摘　　要：通过田间裂区试验,研究了两种种植模式(大豆单作、玉米-大豆套作)和玉米、大豆施氮总量(NN:0;RN:180 kg·hm-2;CN:240 N kg·hm-2)对大豆农艺性状、花荚脱落及大豆产量的影响。结果表明:与大豆单作相比,玉米-大豆套作模式使大豆R2期的株高、茎粗、有效分枝数和倒三叶面积降低,第一节间长和平均节间长升高,大豆全株及中上层的落花数、落荚数和花荚脱落率显著降低,单株荚数、经济系数显著提高。玉米-大豆套作系统中,RN处理下的有效分枝数较少,倒三叶面积显著降低,大豆全株及中上层落花数显著减少,花荚脱落率达到最小值,比NN和CN显著降低10.8%、10.2%;在RN处理下,玉米-大豆套作模式下的大豆单株荚数、百粒重和生物量最大,产量和经济系数表现最佳。A field experiment with two planting patterns （soybean monoculture and maize-soybean relay strip intercropping） and three N application rates （ NN ：0, RN ： 180 kg·hm ^-2, CN ：240 N kg· hm ^-2 ） was conducted to reveal their effects on agro- nomic traits and yield of soybean, abscission of flower and pod. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, branches and third leaf area reduced compared with the monocuhure soybean, but first inter-node length and average inter- node length increased, the number of fallen flower and pod as well as flower and pod abscission rate of whole plant and each layer declined significantly, then the pods per plant of soybean and economic coefficient significantly improved. With the re- duced branches and third leaf area under RN treatment, the fallen flowers about whole plant and upper-middle class of soybean in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system significantly reduced, flower and pod abscission rate reached a mini- mum, and the index of soybean was 10. 8% and 10. 2% lower than NN and CN. The pods per plant of soybean, 100-seed weight and the biomass under RN treatment were the largest in the relay strip intercropping system, and the performance of yield and economic coefficient were the best.

关 键 词：玉米-大豆套作 农艺性状 产量 脱落 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]