甘油醚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成及表面性能  

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF DIGLYCIDYL ETHER QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT CATIONIC SURFACTANT

作　　者：孟小华[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院化学与化工学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《精细石油化工》2015年第6期24-28,共5页Speciality Petrochemicals

基　　金：咸阳师范学院重点基金资助项目(13XSYK024)

摘　　要：以棕榈醇、金属钠及3-氯-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵(CTA)为原料,反应得到甘油醚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵(HPAC),讨论了反应介质、物料配比、反应时间及温度等因素对产物收率的影响。HPAC的优化合成工艺条件(以0.1 mol醇钠计)为:四氢呋喃80 mL,n(醇钠)∶n(CTA)=1∶1,升温到60℃反应6h,此条件下收率86%。产物结构通过红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱得以证实。25℃测得HPAC的cmc=3.55×10^(-4) mol/L,γ_(cmc)=39.1mN/m,表明其表面活性较高。Glycerol ether quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant 3-alkoxy-2- hydroxypropyl triethyl ammonium chloride（HPAC） was synthesized with hexadecanol, sodium metal and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl triethyl ammonium chloride （CTA） as raw materials. Effects of reaction medium, material ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield of product were discussed. The optimum synthesis conditions （based on 0. lmol RONa） were obtained as that the yield could be up to 86% when tetrahydrofuran was 80 mL, n（RONa） ： n（CTA）=1 ： 1 and reacted at 60 ℃ for 6 h. The structure of end product was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum. The cmc of HPAC was determined as 3.55 × 10^-4 mol/L and the surface tension γcmc as 39.1 mN/m at 25 ℃, which shows that HPAC has higher surface activity.

关 键 词：棕榈醇 3-氯-2-羟基丙基三乙基氯化铵 甘油醚季铵盐 阳离子表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TQ423.121[化学工程]