稀土金属制备技术发展及现状  

Development and Status quo of Rare Earth Metals Preparation Technologies

作　　者：王祥生[1,2] 王志强[1,2] 陈德宏[1,2] 庞思明[1,2] 徐立海[1,2] 李宗安[1,2] 颜世宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院稀土材料国家工程研究中心,北京100088 [2]有研稀土新材料股份有限公司,北京100088

出　　处：《稀土》2015年第5期123-132,共10页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CBA01207)

摘　　要：系统介绍了国内外稀土金属制备技术的发展历史,对目前稀土金属现有的制备工艺,包括钙热直接还原法、中间合金法、还原蒸馏法、熔盐电解法等几种主要制备工艺流程进行了简要描述,并且对几种主要制备工艺的优缺点进行了比较,对不同制备工艺各自的特点作了简单讨论,同时提出了中国稀土金属发展所面对的主要问题:中国稀土开发利用仍处于初级阶段,对深加工的开发和研究远落后于国外;对稀土金属的深度提纯手段不够,难以满足高新技术发展需要;目前稀土生产以手工操作为主,自动化水平低。在此基础上,给出了中国稀土工业发展的几点建议:重视高效、节能生产和环境保护;保护国内知识产权,打破国外的技术垄断;规范现有的市场秩序,综合利用稀土资源。This article systematically introduced the development history of domestic and overseas RE metals preparation technologies,briefly described several main RE metals preparation technologies flow sheets available including calciothermic reduction process,intermediate alloy process,reduction- distillation process,molten- salt electrolysis process,etc.,further compared the advantages and disadvantages of these current leading preparation technologies and conducted discussions in the characteristics of different preparation technologies. Based on previous technology discussion,this article put forward the main problems faced in RE metals preparations development in China. Firstly,the RE development and utilization in our country is still in the primary stage and far behind overseas industry in the RD of advanced RE materials technologies; secondly,we are still lack of the further purification methods to RE metals,which can hardly meet the demands of high- tech industry development; finally,at present,our RE production mainly through manual operation,at low level of factory automation. Coping with these above problems,this article gives following several proposals for the RE industry development in China： engage in high- efficiency energy saving production and environmental protection; protect domestic intellectual property rights and break overseas technology monopoly; regulate current RE market status and comprehensively untilize RE resources.

关 键 词：钙热还原 还原蒸馏 熔盐电解 稀土金属 

分 类 号：TG146.45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]