防治红枣黑斑病杀菌剂的室内筛选  

Fungicide Screening against Pathogen of Jujube Black Spot Disease

作　　者：董宁[1,2] 冯宏祖[1] 王兰[1] 纪显洪 于丝丝 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学/新疆建设兵团南疆特色果树生产工程实验室/农业部阿拉尔作物有害生物科学观测实验站/塔里木大学南疆农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团林业工作管理总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第9期1700-1706,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"新疆鲜食枣和干制枣高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2013BAD14B0305);兵团重大科技项目"枣树省力高效栽培模式研究与示范"(2013AA001-1);兵团科技创新团队建设计划(2013CC002)~~

摘　　要：【目的】红枣黑斑病是近年来在南疆地区大面积发生的一种病害,筛选高效低毒的药剂为田间黑斑病防治奠定理论基础。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法、凹玻片法和离体果实接种法,测定7种杀菌剂对红枣黑斑菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用。【结果】室内毒力测定表明,除噻菌铜外,其余6种杀菌剂对菌丝生长均具有一定的抑制作用,其中抑霉唑对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,其次为吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑。凹玻片法测定表明,唑醚·代森联、代森锰锌和抑霉唑对红枣黑斑病菌分生孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用。离体果实接种测定表明,唑醚·代森联、代森锰锌对黑斑病具有很好的保护,抑霉唑、吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑和硅唑·多菌灵具有较好的治疗作用。【结论】抑霉唑、苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯等均表现出很高的抑制分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长活性及病斑扩展的作用,可作为在果园防治红枣黑斑病的推广药剂。【Objective】Jujube black spot（ Alternaria alternate） is a serious disease in recent years in the southern area of Xinjiang. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the disease.【Method】The inhibitory effects of 7 fungicides on red jujube Alternaria alternate were determined by growth rate,concave slide method and Fruits- inoculation test in vivo. 【Result】Indoor toxicity trials showed that conidia germination and mycelia growth were inhibited by all fungicides tested except thiodiazole- copper. The mycelial growth inhibition of imazalil was the highest,and pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole and silicon of carbendazim took the second place. Triazole ether metiram,mancozeb and imazalil were high on the inhibitory effect of spore germination compared with the other fungicides. Through fruit- inoculation test in vivo,the protective and curative effects were measured against Alternaria alternate. Results indicated that triazole ether metiram and mancozeb showed strong protective activity and the other 4 species fungicide,except Thiodiazole- copper,showed strong curative effect,among which,the outstanding one was Imazalil,followed by pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole and silicon of carbendazim. 【Conclusion 】Imazalil,pyraclostrobin,and difenoconazole had high inhibitory effect against spore germination,mycelial growth and lesion expansion,and could be used as fungicide against jujube black spot in the orchard.

关 键 词：红枣黑斑病 杀菌剂 毒力测定 离体果接种 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]