Sb_2O_3/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及阻燃性能  

Preparation and flame retardancy of Sb_2O_3/ polyvinyl chloride composites

作　　者：徐建林[1,2] 周生刚[1,2] 牛磊[1,2] 冯冲[1,2] 杨文龙[1,2] 淡小敏 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学温州泵阀工程研究院,浙江温州325105

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2015年第11期1-6,共6页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LY12E01002);省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室开放基金(SKL12012)

摘　　要：以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,微米级和纳米级Sb2O3为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了Sb2O3/PVC复合材料。分别利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)对复合材料和燃烧产物的形貌进行表征,通过极限氧指数仪(LOI)和垂直燃烧实验对复合材料的阻燃性能进行了研究。结果表明:与纯PVC相比,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料能够形成有效的Sb-Cl阻燃体系,对软质PVC塑料的阻燃性能有明显的提升;相比于微米Sb2O3,纳米Sb2O3由于其粒径的优势,使其与PVC基体的相容性更好,同时增大了燃烧区Sb2O3分解反应的平衡常数,生成了更多的Sb Cl3和Sb OCl,相应的也促进了气相中活性自由基捕获反应的进行,从而使得燃烧更容易被终止;纳米Sb2O3与PVC的质量比为1.85∶100时,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料可达到难燃级别,氧指数和UL-94等级分别为27.1%和V-1级;而微米Sb2O3与PVC的质量比为3∶100时,Sb2O3/PVC复合材料才可达到难燃级别。PVC-Sb2O3 composites were prepared by the method of melt blending,in which polyvinyl chloride（ PVC） was used as the matrix and micro-sized and nano-sized Sb2O3 powders were used as flame retardants,respectively. The surface morphology of composites and product of combustion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（ SEM） and X ray energy dispersive spectrometer（ EDS）.The flame retardancy was studied by the limiting oxygen index instrument（ LOI） and vertical burning test. The results show that Sb2O3/PVC composites can form effective Sb-Cl inflaming retarding system and improve the flame retardancy of soft PVC plastic obviously,compareing with pure PVC. The addition of nano-Sb2O3 compared with micro-Sb2O3 in the composites can increase the equilibrium constant of Sb2O3 decomposition reaction in the combustion zone and generate more Sb Cl3 and Sb OCl. Moreover,it can also promote the capture reaction of active free radical in gaseous phase. Therefore,the combustion is easily terminated. When the mass proportion of nanosized Sb2O3 to PVC is 1. 85 ∶ 100,Sb2O3/ PVC composites can achieve flame retardant grade,which limiting oxygen index and UL-94 flammability standard are 27. 1 and V-1,respectively. While the mass proportion of micro-sized Sb2O3 to PVC increases to 3 ∶ 100,the Sb2O3/ PVC composites can only achieve flame retardant grade.

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯 三氧化二锑 复合材料 阻燃性能 阻燃机制 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]