桂林霾天气变化趋势及天气特征  

Trends and Synoptic Characteristics of Haze Weather in Guilin

作　　者：白先达[1] 谭宇[1] 王存真[1] 张雅昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西桂林市气象局,桂林541001

出　　处：《气象科技》2015年第5期905-910,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：桂林市科技攻关项目(20150127-2);华南气象攻关项目(GRMC2014M12)资助

摘　　要：为研究桂林市霾的演变和天气学特征,利用市区及周边4个站近50年的观测资料,用相对湿度和能见度对报表中霾日记录进行校对,客观确定霾日;通过对造成霾的生成、维持及消散的基本天气形势分析,研究霾的天气学特征,为霾的天气预报提供依据。桂林的霾从21世纪开始呈现明显增加的趋势,冬季比夏季多发;影响桂林霾的基本天气特点是:地面静风或弱风,风力小于等于3.0 m/s,大气干燥,相对湿度小于等于70%,近地面有逆温层,地面为正变温,负变湿。对应的天气形势为:高空平直西风或弱高压脊前环流控制,地面弱高压或变形场,副热带高压区,锋前暖区,近地层逆温,高空大气层结稳定。根据天气形势分析,设计桂林霾天气预报平台,在业务中应用效果较好。The evolution of haze and its synoptic characteristics in Guilin are stuied by means of the 50-year observation data from the urban station and four the surrounding stations, with relative humidity and visibility to proofread the haze days in records, so to determine haze days objectively. Through analyzing the basic weather situation leading to haze formation, maintenance, and dissipation respectively, the haze weather characteristics are studied to provide a basis for haze weather forecast. The results indicate that haze in Guilin presents an obvious increasing trend from the beginning of the 21st century, and haze happens more frequently in winter than in summer. The basic synoptic features of haze in Guilin are： there is no wind or weak wind （≤3.0 m/s） on the ground; the atmospheric is dry （relative humidity ≤70%） ; there is a temperature inversion near the surface; ground temperature changes are positive and the humidity changes are negative. The corresponding weather situations are： straight flow or weak ridge at high altitudes, weak high pressure or strain field on the ground, subtropical high pressure belt, warm sector before front, near surface layer inversion, stable upper atmosphere. According to the weather situation analysis, the forecast platform of Guilin haze weather was build, which received good results in haze forecasting.

关 键 词：霾 变化趋势 天气学特征 平直西风 

分 类 号：P45[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]