不同施氮水平对滴灌冬小麦干物质生产及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Dry Matter and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：张娜[1] 仵妮平 徐文修[1] 吴培杰[1] 程雪峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第33期21-26,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项"现代农作制模式构建与配套技术研究与示范"(201103001)

摘　　要：为探明北疆滴灌冬小麦高产栽培适宜的施氮量。大田滴灌条件下,设置0 kg/hm2（N0）、104 kg/hm2（N1）、173 kg/hm2（N2）和242 kg/hm2（N3）4个施氮水平,研究施氮量对滴灌冬小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质积累、分配、转运及产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：冬小麦LAI于灌浆期前呈N3〉N2〉N1〉N0,之后为N2〉N3〉N1〉N0;各处理单株干物重变化均为快增、缓增、略降,N2处理干物质积累最大速率出现时间（t0）较N1、N3处理提前1.42天和2.75天,干物质最大增长速率（Vm）增加了21.74%和12.00%,且N2处理向籽粒干物质分配显著高于N1、N3处理（P〈0.05）;产量以N2处理最高,为8455.69 kg/hm2,较N0、N1、N3处理分别高出32.82%、12.64%、5.16%;氮肥农学利用效率（NAE）和氮肥偏生产力（NPP）随着施氮量的增多而降低,N1处理较N2、N3处理NAE提高了16.64%和110.08%,NPP提高了37.58%和128.02%。综合分析,建议北疆滴灌冬小麦灌水定额为3750 m3/hm2时,适宜施氮量应控制在104~173 kg/hm2之间。In order to investigate the suitable nitrogen quantity of high-yield cultivation of winter wheat under drip irrigation in north Xinjiang. The field experiment with four different treatments of 0 kg/hm2 （No）, 104 kg/hm2 （N,）, 173 kg/hm2 （N2） and 242 kg/hm2 （N3） was designed to study the effects of four different amounts of nitrogen on winter-wheat dry matter accumulation, distribution, transportation and yield. The results showed that the leaf area index （LA/） of different treatments presented a trend of N3 〉N2〉N1 〉N0 before filling stage and then N=〉N3〉N1〉N0 after that. In each treatment, dry weight change of single plant acted as rapid growth, slow growth and slight decrease, the day of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate occurred （to） in N2 was 1.42 d and 2.75 d ahead of that in NI and N3; the maximum increase rate of dry matter （Vm） of N2 was 21.74% and 12.00% higher than those of N1 and N3; besides, the amount of dry matter transported to seeds in Ne was higher than that in N, and N3 significantly （P〈0.05）. N2 also had the highest yield （8455.69 kg/hm2）, and increased by 32.82%, 12.64% and 5.16% in comparing with that of N0, N1 and N3, respectively. With the increasing of the nitrogen amount, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency（NAE） and nitrogen partial factor productivity （NPP） decreased, and both of them were the highest in N1, which increased by 16.64%, 110.08% （NAE） and 37.58%, 128.02% （NPP） in comparing with that of N2 and N3. Based on comprehensive analysis, it proposed that the winter wheat drip irrigation quota in north Xinjiang should be 3750 m3/hm2, and the optimum amount ofnitrogen should be at 104-173 kg/hmL

关 键 词：施氮量 滴灌 冬小麦 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]