黄河源区河漫滩湿地退化过程土壤的变化特征  

Soil Degradation Characteristics of Floodplain Wetlands in Yellow River Source Zone

作　　者：林春英[1,2] 李希来[2] 金惠瑛[1] 何生存[1] Jay Gao 

机构地区：[1]青海省人工影响天气办公室,西宁810001 [2]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [3]新西兰奥克兰大学环境学院,新西兰奥克兰92091

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第33期243-249,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅国际科技合作计划"三江源湿地类型与退化机制研究"(2013-H-801);国家自然科学基金项目"三江源区退化草地‘黑土滩’植物功能群时空动态与模拟模型"(41161084);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划"三江源生态演变与环境保护"(IRT13074);青海大学中青年科研基金项目"三江源生态演变与环境保护"(2013-QNT-3)

摘　　要：笔者从黄河源区河漫滩湿地地理地形指标和土壤指标出发,分析和研究黄河源区河漫滩湿地退化过程中土壤变化特征。结果表明:黄河源区河漫滩湿地不同退化阶段土壤的酸碱值大于p H 7时,p H随退化程度加剧有明显减少;随着退化梯度的加剧,土壤含水量减少,草土比也逐渐减小;黄河源区河漫滩湿地退化土壤为松砂土,黄河源区河漫滩湿地随着退化程度的加剧小于0.01 mm物理黏粒含量基本上呈现减少的趋势;黄河源区河漫滩湿地主要养分在垂直方向上都表现出上层高于下层的规律,土壤有机质和全氮随着湿地退化都呈现了逐渐减少的规律。多重比较的结果,全N、全K和有机质,在退化阶段5与阶段1、阶段2、阶段3和阶段4之间差异显著(P<0.05),阶段1、阶段2、阶段3和阶段4之间差异不显著;碱解N在退化阶段2与阶段5之间差异显著(P<0.05),阶段1、阶段3和阶段4之间差异不显著;全P、速效P和速效K在河漫滩湿地退化过程中差异虽未达到显著水平,但随着退化进展,速效P是呈现出减少趋势,全P和速效K呈现出增加趋势。This paper studies soil degradation characteristics of floodplain wetlands in Yellow River source zone by its geographical terrain and soil indicators. The results showed that soil pH value was more than 7 at all degradation stages, and pH value decreased significantly with the increase of degradation degree. Soil water content and grass-soil ratio decreased gradually with the increase of degradation degree. The soil of floodplain wetland was loose loam, and the clay content of soil with the size less than 0.01 mm decreased with the increase of degradation degree. The main nutrient content in upper layer was higher than that of lower layer in vertical, soil organic matter and total nitrogen （TN） showed a decreasing trend with the increase of degradation degree. The content of TN, total potassium （TK） and organic matter at stage 5 were significantly different （P〈0.05） from that at previous four stages and they were not significantly different at stages 1, 2, 3 and 4. TN content at stage 2 was significantly different （P〈0.05） from that at stage 5, while it was not significantly different at stages 1, 3 and 4. The content of total phosphorus （TP）, available P and available K were not significantly different, available P showed a decreasing trend while TP and available K showed an increasing trend with the increase of degradation trend.

关 键 词：黄河源区 河漫滩湿地 土壤特征 土壤有机质 退化演替 

分 类 号：S288[农业科学—农业水土工程]