我国成年男性居民不同身体部位最大力量特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Maximal Muscle Forces of Different Body Parts of Chinese Adult Male Residents

作　　者：武东明[1] 江崇民[1] 蔡睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2015年第6期134-138,共5页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助(2012BAK23B02);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助(基本13-30;14-23)

摘　　要：目的:针对我国成年男性不同身体部位最大力量的现状进行相关分析和探究,并探索随年龄的增长最大力量的衰退规律以及日常锻炼习惯与最大力量衰退规律之间的关系。方法:从北京、上海、山东、江苏、江西各选择一个单位抽取相应年龄组人群按照《ACSM的运动测试与处方指导手册》的测试方法进行上肢、下肢、腰腹部和背部1RM测试。结果:普通人群各部位最大绝对力量从大到小依次为:下肢肌肉、背部肌肉、腹部肌肉和上肢肌肉,且各年龄组之间排序相同;上肢、腹部肌肉的相对力量约与自身体重相同,下肢和背部肌肉的相对力量约为自身体重的1.5倍;锻炼习惯对身体各部位最大力量的保持产生积极影响。结论:我国男性居民身体各部位最大力量呈现出随年龄的增长而逐渐下降的趋势,其中有锻炼习惯人群通过日常体育锻炼提高了身体各部位最大肌肉力量基础值,一定程度上掩盖了随年龄增长而产生的身体素质下降趋势;实验数据还反映出身体各部位最大力量下降幅度最大所处的年龄组不尽相同,建议在相应年龄组进行针对性力量训练,通过提高相关部位最大力量的基础值来缓冲因最大力量快速下降而造成的不便。Objective ：Based on the current situation of maximal muscle forces of different body parts of Chinese adult males ,the objective of this study was to make relevant analysis and to explore the law of the decline of maximal forces with the increase of age as well as the correla‐tion between this law and daily exercise habits .Methods ：According to ACSMExercise Test and Prescription Instruction Manual ,upper limb ,lower limb ,waist and abdomen and back 1RM tests were carried out on the corresponding age groups of each unit in Beijing ,Shanghai ,Shan‐dong ,Jiangsu and Jiangxi respectively .Results ：The maximal absolute forces of various parts in the general population were decreasing in different parts in the following order ：lower limb muscles ,back muscles ,abdominal muscles and upper limb muscles .And this rank ordering re‐mained the same in various age groups .The relative forces of upper muscles and abdomen mus‐cles were equal to their self weights ,while the relative forces of lower muscles and abdomen muscles were about 1 .5 times of their self weights .Exercise habits has positive impacts on the maximal forces of various body parts .Conclusions ：The maximal muscle forces of various body parts of Chinese male residents tend to decline with the increase of age ,and some populations with exercise habits improve their base values of maximal muscle forces of various body parts through daily physical exercises ,covering up the downtrend of physical quality with the in‐crease of age to a certain degree .Also ,the experimental data reflect that the maximum falling ranges of various body parts appear in different age groups .It is recommended to carry out tar‐geted strength trainings in different age groups and mitigate the inconvenience due to the rapid decrease of maximal force by improving the base values of maximal forces of relevant body parts .

关 键 词：最大力量 男性 上肢肌肉 下肢肌肉 背部肌肉 腹部肌肉 下降趋势 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]