调理剂对厨余垃圾堆肥中H2S和NH3排放的影响  

Effect of amendments on H_2S and NH_3emissions during kitchen waste composting

作　　者：张红玉[1] 张玉冬[2] 顾军[1] 李国学[3] 袁京[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑材料科学研究总院,固废资源化利用与节能建材国家重点实验室,北京100041 [2]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第11期3379-3386,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8144050);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC15B04);国家自然科学基金项目(41275161)

摘　　要：为了降低厨余垃圾堆肥过程中H2S和NH3这2种恶臭物质的排放,通过向堆肥原料中添加玉米秸秆、木本泥炭和木屑3种调理剂,同时以厨余垃圾单独堆肥作为对照,研究调理剂添加对H2S和NH3排放的影响.结果表明,3种调理剂的添加均促进了有机物的降解和堆体的快速升温,与对照相比,使堆肥进入高温期的时间提前了3~4d;从电导率和发芽率指数来看,添加玉米秸秆处理的堆肥产品达到完全腐熟的要求,而添加木本泥炭和木屑处理的堆肥产品只是达到了无害化的要求;3种调理剂的添加均不同程度减少了厨余垃圾堆肥中H2S和NH3的排放,与对照相比,添加玉米秸秆、木本泥炭和木屑使厨余垃圾堆肥中H2S的累积排放量分别降低了78.7%,50.3%和89.8%,NH3的累积排放量分别降低了53.8%、87.7%和63.9%,可见木屑更能有效控制H2S的排放,而木本泥炭更能有效控制NH3的排放.In order to reduce odor substances emissions in kitchen waste composting process, this study designed experiments to investigate the effects of corn straw, woody peat and sawdust as amendment materials on H2 S and NH3 emissions during kitchen waste composting, the composting treatment without adding amendments was used as control. The results showed that application of 3kinds of amendments promoted the organic matter decomposition and the pile temperature rise, the compost into the high-temperature period was brought forward by 3~4d that compared with CK; The analysis of phytotoxicity indexes of EC and GI showed that the treatment adding corn straw reached the compost maturity requirements, and the treatments adding woody peat and sawdust only reached the innocuous requirements. Three kinds of amendments could all decrease H2 S and NH3 emissions to varying degrees during kitchen waste composting. Compared with CK, the cumulative emissions of H2 S were reduced by 78.7, 50.3 and 89.8%, and the cumulative emissions of NH3 were reduced by 53.8, 87.7 and 63.9% for the treatments of adding corn straw, woody peat and sawdust, respectively. It indicated that application of sawdust can more effectively control the H2 S emission, and application of woody peat can more effectively control the NH3 emission.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 堆肥 调理剂 H2S NH3 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]