《表度说》中的圭表测量原理与方法——兼论明末传教士的北极高度测量  

Gnomon Measurement Principles and Methods in Biaodushuo——On the arctic height measurement by the missionary in late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：孙榕[1] 邓可卉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海201620

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2015年第6期11-17,共7页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11373016)

摘　　要：《表度说》是明末中西文化交流背景下传入的一部天文历算著作。基于《表度说》原文,探究其引进的圭表测量技术,主要包括:测太阳地平高度、测每日午正初刻及太阳地平高度最大值、测南北极出入地度分、测节气定日期、根据物体影长来推算物体高度、制造柱晷等。《表度说》与传统圭表测量的最大区别,是把传统天文学所要解决的许多问题纳入一个新的理论框架,并在各个天文量之间建立联系。制作柱晷的例子综合反映了测算方法与数表的应用。这种便捷的测量方法,满足了中国人对天文测量的实际需求。Biaodushuo, an astronomical work, was spread to China agamst the background of Chinnese and Western cultural exchange in late Ming Dynasty. In this paper the gnomon measurement technology was studied. It includes the following： measuring the solar altitude, measuring midday time and the maximum solar altitude, measuring the degree of the poles above the ground, measuring Solar terms and time, calculating the height of object according to the length of shadow, manufacturing pillar sundial, etc. The difference from traditional gnomon measurement is that a new theoretical system was created and many astronomical concepts are integrated into it. The convenient methods meet the actual needs of Chinese people for astronomy measurements.

关 键 词：《表度说》 圭表 日轨高度 距纬 柱晷 北极高度测量 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]