以某大型企业为例探索基于工作场所的高血压防控策略  

Strategy for workplace-based hypertension prevention: a case study of a big enterprise

作　　者：蒋莹[1] 王燕玲[1] 常春[1] 曾庆奇[1] 孙磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京100191 [2]北京大学乔治全球研究健康所,北京100088

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2015年第11期1113-1116,1121,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

摘　　要：目的探索以企业为基础的高血压防控策略，为促进慢病防控关口前移提供信息。方法对参加了2012年公司体检的某企业员工进行问卷调查，收集了5743名员工的体检及生活方式资料，用Framingham心脏队列研究建立的模型评估非高血压员工未来发病风险。结果企业员工高血压患病率为28．9％（1659／5743），以后勤类员工最高，为36．7％（155／422），营销类员工最低，为25．1％（356／1421）（x^2=32．396，P〈0．001）。确诊为高血压的员工中，仅40．2％（272／677）定期复查血压，血压控制率为42．5％（308／724）。体检发现高血压23．5％（1351／5743），其中69．2％（935／1351）没有被确诊。管理类、技术类、营销类和后勤类的高血压员工4年发病风险分别为5．43％、4．61％、3．90％和5．43％（H=34．991，P〈0．001）。不同岗位类型员工吸烟率、超重肥胖率、饮食偏咸率、规律运动率差异均有统计学意义（均有P〈0．05）。结论管理类和后勤类员工是高血压防控的重点人群。应针对不同岗位员工特点，充分利用组织网络和同伴支持开展生活方式干预。对已患高血压员工，还需要加强其定期复查意识，提高血压控制率。Objective To explore strategies for workplace-based hypertension prevention and provide information for advanced prevention of chronic diseases. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in a large corporation and the information of physical examination and behavior and lifestyle were collected. 5 743 workers who participated in physi- cal examination in 2012 were enrolled. Risk evaluation model built in Framingham heart cohort study was used to evaluate occurrence risk of hypertension among non-hypertension workers. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension in stud- ied corporation was 28.9% （ 1 659/5 743）, and the highest prevalence rate was found among logistics workers （36. 7%, 155/422 ） while the lowest prevalence rate in marketing workers （25.1% , 356/1 421 ） , there were significant difference a- mong four kinds of workers （%2 = 32. 396, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Among the workers who had been diagnosed with hypertension, only 40. 2% （272/677） took regular reexamination for their blood pressure, and the rate of blood pressure control was 42. 5% （308/724）. Totally, 23.5 % （ 1 351/5 743 ） workers were diagnosed as hypertension in this physical examination, and 69. 2% （935/1 351 ） of them had not been diagnosed before. The average occurrence risk of hypertension in 4 years a- mong management, technical, marketing and logistics workers were 5.43%, 4. 61%, 3.90%, 5.43%, respectively （H = 34. 991, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The differences among rates of smoking, overweight and obesity, self-reported high-salty diets and regular exercise were statistically significant among different kinds of workers （ all P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions Management and logistics workers are the prominent groups of hypertension prevention in this enterprise. Targeted intervention of healthy lifestyle should be based on different characteristics of workers, organizational network and interpersonal support should be utilized. For workers who had been diagnosed hypertension, improvement of the awareness of regul

关 键 词：高血压 工作场所 流行病学 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]