细胞壁降解酶在苹果霉心病菌致病过程中的作用研究  

The Role of Cell Wall Degradation Enzymes in the Pathogenic Processes of Apple Mouldy Core Caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum

作　　者：李庆亮[1] 李捷[1] 李夏鸣[1] 黄军保[1] 田永强[1] 赵武娟[1] 于静[1] 孟利峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室/山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西晋中030815

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第31期90-95,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目"苹果霉心病主要致病菌致病机理的研究"(YBSJJ1307);国家苹果产业技术体系项目"苹果果实病害岗位"(nycytx-08-04-01;CARS-28-21)

摘　　要：为明确细胞壁降解酶在苹果霉心病菌致病过程中的作用,以‘红星’苹果为材料,研究活体内外霉心型致病菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和心腐型致病菌粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)细胞壁降解酶的活性,以及使用商业酶处理后苹果的发病情况。结果表明:在不同碳源物质诱导下2种病原菌细胞壁降解酶变化不同。苹果细胞壁粉对粉红单端孢菌滤纸酶活性诱导的最高。而链格孢菌滤纸酶活性在纤维素粉和细胞壁粉诱导下明显高于其他处理(P<0.05)。2个致病菌的羧甲基纤维素酶均在细胞壁粉诱导下活性最高(P<0.05)。粉红单端孢菌的β-葡萄糖苷酶在果肉中诱导活性最高。链格孢菌β-葡萄糖苷酶在果肉和纤维素粉中诱导活性最高。β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶这2种致病酶只在发病苹果的病健界处明显升高(P<0.05)。纤维素酶和葡萄糖苷酶接种3天后苹果发病面积分别为2.46、0.75 cm2,症状与致病菌接种后相似。上述结果表明,纤维素酶和葡萄糖苷酶这2种致病酶在苹果霉心病病原菌致病过程中起重要作用,特别是纤维素酶。The study aims to estimate the role of cell wall degradation enzymes in the pathogenic processes of apple mouldy core caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum. The authors used the ‘Starking＇ apple as the material. Cell wall degradation enzymes produced by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum both in vitro and in vivo were studied. The commercial cellulase and glucanase preparation were placed on the ‘Starking＇ apple to observe the disease incidence. The results showed that different levels of enzyme activities were obtained with A. alternate and T. roseum grown on different carbon sources. The induced activity of T. roseum filter paper enzyme was the highest in apple cell wails powder. The induced activity of A. alternate filter paper enzyme was higher in apple cell walls powder and cellulose than that of other treatments （P〈0.05）. The induced activity of A. alternate and T. roseum carboxymethyl cellulose both were the highest in apple cell walls powder （P〈0.05）. The induced activity of A. alternate β-glucanase was the highest in apple pulp. And the induced activity of T. roseum β-glucanase was the highest in apple pulp and cellulose. The commercial cellulase and glucanase preparation placed on pricked fruit led to the formation of symptoms similar to those developing on A. alternate and T. roseum inoculated ii＇uits, and the incidence area were 2.46 and 0.75 em2 after inoculation 3 d, respectively. These results demonstrated that the cellulase and glucanase played an important role in the pathogenic processes of apple mouldy core caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum, especially the cellulose.

关 键 词：苹果霉心病 细胞壁降解酶 致病作用 致病力 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]