不同抗旱措施对‘东试早’柚产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Drought Resisting Measures on Fruit Quality and Yield of Citrus maxima‘Dongshizao'

作　　者：黄菁[1] 高世德[1] 岳海[1] 陈国云[1] 原慧芳[1] 田耀华[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第31期130-136,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省科研院所技术开发研究专项"季节性干旱下西双版纳主要热带经济作物精简高效集水用水技术研究与集成示范"(2011CF017)

摘　　要：为解决西双版纳季节性干旱对‘东试早’柚开花结果的影响,以10年生‘东试早’柚为试材,采用随机区组试验设计,连续2年开展黑地膜覆盖、白地膜覆盖、杂草覆盖、添加保水剂和常规管理措施的田间比较试验,研究不同抗旱措施对柚子园土壤容重、营养和产量及品质的影响。结果表明,覆草处理下不同土层土壤容重最小,孔隙度最大,而覆盖薄膜后土壤容重最大,孔隙度最小。不同处理土壤营养元素含量随时间变化差异较大,覆盖处理均能增加土壤铁、锌元素含量,而覆草处理更能增加土壤表层大量元素及钙、硼等元素含量,保水剂处理能减缓中微量养分下降的趋势。各抗旱措施处理均能提高坐果率和产量,其中以黑膜处理的坐果率和产量较对照增加最为显著,比对照分别提高了91.7%和56.9%。覆盖处理对单果重及可食率影响显著,进而影响可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖和还原糖,而对果形指数、囊瓣数量及种子数影响不显著,其中覆草能显著提高总糖、Vc及可溶性固形物的含量,分别比对照提高18.7%、18.2%和11%。The study aims to solve the problem that seasonal drought affecting blossoming and fruit setting of Citrus maxima in Xishuangbanna. Citrus maxima‘Dongshizao＇was selected as the study material to evaluatethe effects of different drought-resistant measures on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and Citrus maxima‘Dongshizao＇production during the key phenological phases. Comparative study of four drought-resistant measures（black plastic, white plastic, weeds and water retention agent） with a control treatment wascarried out in field. In result, for all different soil layers, the soil bulk density under straw mulch was theminimum and its soil porosity was the maximum. While under black or membrane mulch, the soil bulk densitywas the maximum and its soil porosity was the minimum. The contents of different soil nutrients varied withtime differences. Membrane mulching could increase iron and zinc content, straw mulching could increase thecontents of plentiful elements as well as calcium, boron and other elements in surface soil, and water retentionagent could slow down the decline of micronutrients. Various drought-resistant measures could increase fruitset and yield, with most significant increase（respectively 91.7% and 56.9%） under black membrane mulchingcompared with that of control treatment. Mulching measure could obviously affect fruit weight and edible rate,and thereby affect soluble solids, total acidity, total sugar and reducing sugar; while the fruit shape index andthe number of seeds per bag flap were not significantly affected; and particularly, straw mulching couldsignificantly increase the total sugar and Vc content. Compared with that of the control, the contents of totalsugar, vitamin C and soluble solid under mulching treatment were greatly increased by 18.7%, 18.2% and11%, respectively.

关 键 词：柚 草覆盖 土壤养分 产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]