2012～2014年德州市新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种情况分析  

Analysis on the immunization of the first dose of neonatal HepB and BCG vaccines,Dezhou city,2012-2014

作　　者：于浩[1,2] 郭威[2] 王洁[2] 于晓卿[2] 徐凌忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [2]德州市疾病预防控制中心,山东德州253016

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2015年第10期763-765,768,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的 了解新生儿首针乙肝疫苗（HepB）与卡介苗（BCG）接种情况及其影响因素,探讨现阶段的接种策略,为进一步提高新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率提供可靠的依据。方法 通过对2012~2014年德州市11个县（市、区）每月上报的山东省医院及保健机构新生儿乙肝疫苗第1针及卡介苗接种情况统计月报表数据进行汇总分析。结论 2012~2014年德州市医疗机构分娩新生儿首针乙肝疫苗（HepB）接种率均〉95%,其中2012年为98.80%,2013年为98.43%,2014年为97.17%（P〉0.05）;首针乙肝疫苗及时接种率（24h以内）均〉95%,其中2012年为98.20%,2013年为97.55%,2014年为96.34%（P〉0.05）。新生儿首针乙肝疫苗未及时接种的原因归结为五大类：主要是早产、难产、低出生体重占25.36%;患病（免疫缺陷、转儿科、先天畸形）占32.84%;家长拒绝占0.74%;对疫苗中任何成分过敏占2.73%;其他原因占38.33%。2012~2014年德州市医疗机构分娩新生儿卡介苗（BCG）接种率均〉95%,其中2012年为96.46%,2013年为95.97%,2014年为95.56%（P〉0.05）;卡介苗及时接种率（24h以内）均〉90%,其中2012年为95.77%,2013年为94.96%,2014年为94.48%（P〉0.05）。卡介苗未及时接种原因主要是早产、难产、低出生体重,患病（免疫缺陷、转儿科、先天畸形）,家长拒绝,对疫苗中任何成分过敏,其他原因分别占18.15%、40.16%、0.36%、0.53%、40.80%。结论 德州市2012~2014年新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率达到较高水平,卡介苗（BCG）及时接种率（24h以内）偏低。Objective To understand the immunization of the first dose of neonatal HepB and BCG vaccines and the influencing factors, and explore the strategies for immunization at the present stage, so as to provide reliable basis for further improving the immunization rate of the first dose of neonatal HepB and BCG vaccines. Methods Summary and analysis were made on the data of the monthly statistical forms based on the neonatal vaccination status of HepB and BCG,reported from the hospitals and health care institutions of 11 counties in Dezhou city,Shandong province,2012-2014. Results The average neonatal vaccination rate of the first dose of HepB in the medical institutions of Dehzou city, 2012-2014 was over 95%,98.80% in 2012,97.55% in 2013,and 97.17% in 2014;the timely vaccination rate （within 24 h） was over 95% ,98.20% in 2012,97.55% in 2013,and 96.34% in 2014（P〉0.05）. There were five main reasons why the first dose of HepB can not be vaccinated on newborns in time： premature delivery, dystocia, and low birth weight, accounting for 25.36 % ; prevalence（ immunodeficiency, referral to pediatrics, and congenital malformation）, 32.84% ; rejection from parents,0.74 % ;vaccine allergy, 2.73 % ;and other reasons, 38.33 %. The average neonatal vaccination rate of the first dose of BCG was more than 95%,96.46% in 2012,95.97% in 2013,and 95.56% in 2014（ P 〉0.05）. There were five main reasons why the first dose of BCG can not be vaccinated on newborns in time： premature delivery, dystocia, and low birth weight, accounting for 18.15 % ; prevalence （ immunodeficiency, referral to pediatrics, and congenital malformation）, 40.16% ;rejection from parents,0.36% ;vaccine allergy,0.53% ;and other reasons,40.80%. Conclusion The average neonatal vaccination rate of the first dose of HepB and BCG reaches a higher level, while the timely vaccination rate of BCG（within 24 h） is somewhat lower.

关 键 词：新生儿 乙肝疫苗 卡介苗 接种率 及时接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]