洞庭湖小天鹅越冬中期行为节律研究  

Daily Rhythm of Tundra Swan in Dongting Lake During Middle Wintering Stage

作　　者：廖嘉欣 赵运林[1,2] 徐正刚[1] 王耕[1] 吴良[1] 何文[1] 黄田[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院化学与环境工程学院,湖南益阳413000 [2]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙412002

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2015年第6期85-91,共7页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研基金项目(201304310)资助;湖南省科技计划重点项目(2014CK2001)资助;湖南省大学生研究性创新性项目"洞庭湖小天鹅食性研究"资助

摘　　要：洞庭湖湿地是越冬小天鹅的重要栖息地,为深入了解越冬小天鹅的行为节律,采用瞬时扫描法对洞庭湖越冬小天鹅种群成体与幼体行为节律进行观测。结果表明:洞庭湖小天鹅的成体与幼体行为节律基本一致,不存在显著差异,但在小天鹅种群中成体较幼体承担更多的警戒任务。取食是洞庭湖小天鹅最主要的行为,所用时间占所有行为用时的45.47%,小天鹅从9:00开始进入取食高峰,取食比例最高达79.48%,17:00是其取食的另一个高峰;飞翔行为的高峰出现在早晨,其他时间段所占比例均极低;在日行为节律中,警戒、休憩、游弋、理羽4种行为所占时间比例在10%左右波动,而站立、抖翅则在极低水平波动。研究期间未观察到打斗行为。Dongting Lake is a very important habitat for the wintering tundra swan （Cygnus columbianus）. The wintering behavior of adult and juvenile tundra swan population was investigated by an instantaneous scanning sampling method.The results showed that adult and juvenile tundra swan had roughly the same behavioral rhythm, and no significant difference was found in other behaviours.Adult tundra swan took on more vigilance tasks.The wintering swan spent most of their time to foraging （45.47%）.Foraging rate showed two peaks,one began from 9：00 am,foraging rate up to 79.48%,another appeared in late afternoon 17：00.During the morning,swans showed a higher rate of flying behaviour,but in the other time of this day,it showed lower rate.Diurnal activity rhythm of wintering tundra swans,vigilance,resting,cruise and preening behavior kept a low percentage as 10%, while the percentage of standing and wing-spreading behavior fluctuated at a very low level.There was no conflict-ing behaviour in this research.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 小天鹅 行为节律 越冬期 

分 类 号：S718.63[农业科学—林学]