优秀短距离女子速滑运动员途中滑单步周期腿部肌肉肌电特征研究  

Study on Leg Muscle EMG Characteristics in Single-step Cycles of Excellent Female Short-distance Speed Skating Athletes

作　　者：吴新炎[1] 陈月亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北理工学院体育部,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2015年第6期563-568,共6页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BAK57B05);国家体育总局奥运攻关课题(2012A022)

摘　　要：通过分析短距离速滑运动员途中滑单步周期腿部肌电特征,探讨途中滑单步周期腿部肌肉动作和协调模式。运用表面肌电遥测系统和高速摄像机同步测试,对原始肌电图进行RMS时域转化,再进行均化处理。结果:途中滑单步周期中胫骨前肌有效放电时间最长,臀大肌最短,股四头肌和股后肌群有效放电时间集中在蹬冰期;除胫骨前肌在弯道左单步周期落腿阶段出现振幅峰值外,其余肌肉肌电峰值都出现在蹬冰期;直道左、右和弯道右单步周期腿部主要用力肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌和股外肌,弯道左单步周期腿部主要用力肌肉依次是股内肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌。结论:因弯道技术形成的腿部肌肉激活惯性导致股内肌在直道左单步周期落腿阶段出现多余放电;直道单步周期左右腿动作模式一致,肌肉协调模式不一致,弯道单步周期左右腿动作模式和肌肉协调模式都不一致;女子短距离速滑训练实践过程中对胫骨前肌和臀大肌可能存在认知上的误区,应加强非平衡状态下胫骨前肌力量。在实践训练中应把握这些细节,有针对性地发展腿部力量。By analyzing leg muscle EMG characteristics in single-step cycles of short-distance speed skating athletes,this paper sets to study on the movement and coordination mode of leg muscles in single-step cycles.Methods：Synchronous test of both surface EMG telemetry system and high-speed camera is employed to conduct time domain transformation on original EMG which is further applied to homogenization treatment.Results：1）The peak amplitude of the top four left leg muscles were the vastus medialis,vastus lateralis muscle,tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle;the peak amplitude of the top four the right leg muscles were the femoral muscle,tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius,vastus lateralis;the left and the right leg amplitude peak minimum were the gluteus maximus muscle;2）the longest time of the left and the right leg muscles effective discharge were the tibialis anterior muscle,the shortest were the gluteus maximus;3）In the single-step cycle,the greatest contribution of the leg muscles of vastus were inner thigh muscle,followed by anterior tibial muscle and vastus lateralis.Conclusions：1）The single-step cycle of the all leg muscles amplitude peak appeared in the tic glacial stage,in the gravity transfer stage and the tic glacial stage,the quadriceps femoris and the muscle group of back femoris showed similar amplitude peak and appeared co-activation phenomenon;In the left and the right leg＇s single-step cycle,the amplitude curves of the ankle joint muscles were consistent,the peak amplitude of the tibialis anterior muscle appeared in the gravity transfer stage,the peak amplitude of gastrocnemius muscle appeared in the tic glacial stage.2）In the single-step cycle,the vastus medialis,the tibialis anterior muscle and the vastus lateralis relative to the other leg muscles,their effectively discharging time was the longest,their work was the biggest and they completed the single-step cycle action role was also the largest;however,compared with the other leg muscles,the gluteus maximus effectiv

关 键 词：速度滑冰 单步周期 有效放电 振幅峰值 肌肉贡献度 

分 类 号：G804.22[文化科学—运动人体科学]